Organic Compounds Flashcards
Organic compound
Compounds formed from living things containing the element carbon
6 most common elements in living things
Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulfur
How many bonds does carbon need to be happy
4
Macromolecules
Giant molecules
Polymerization
Small units called monomers Join together to form larger structures called polymers
Function of a carbohydrate
Energy source; structural (cell wall)
Chemical structure of carb
Cho in rings
1:2:1 ratio
Types of a carbohydrate
Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
Examples of a monosaccharide of a carbohydrate
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are examples of a disaccharide of a carbohydrate
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
Examples of a polysaccharide of carbohydrate
Cellulose, glycogen, starch
Hydrolysis
The process of breaking down polymers by adding water
Dehydration synthesis
Process of building up polymers from monomers by removing water
Functions of lipids
Energy storage, protection, waterproof covering, making cell membrane
Types of lipids
Fats oils waxes
Chemical structure of a lipid
CHO in chains connected by a glycerol
Saturated lipid
Max number of hydrogen bonds
Unsaturated lipid
Doesn’t have the max number of hydrogen bonds(probably has a double bond)
Function of a nucleic acid
Stores/transmits genetic info/codes for your traits
Types of nucleic acids
DNA/RNA
Chemical structures of a nucleic acid
Monomer: nucleotide
Polymer:RNA/DNA
What is a nucleotide
Phosphate group, five Carbon sugar, nitrogen base
What elements are in a nucleic acid
CHONP
Functions of a protein
Make up traits, controls rates of reactions, regulate cell processes, form bone and muscle
Types of proteins
Structural-keratin, collagen
Hemoglobin
Hormonal-insulin
Enzymes-lactase
Chemical structure of a protein
Amino acid structure
Elements in a protein
CHON sometimes S
Monomer of protein
Amino acid structure
Polymer of protein
Peptide(chain of amino acids)
How are amino acids attached to form a peptide?
Dehydration synthesis
Elements in a carbohydrate
CHO
Elements In a lipid
CHO
Elements in a nucleic acid
CHONP
What makes up a nucleotide
Five carbon sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group
What elements(letters) can be in a nitrogen containing base?
ACTGU
Fat
Triglyceride
What are the parts of an amino acid structure
Amino, carboxyl, r-group
What part of the amino acid structure is made of the elements COOH
Carboxyl
