Parts of a cell Flashcards
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
-Surrounds the cell and separates it from the outside
Peripheral Proteins
-Only on the surface of membrane
Integral Proteins
- Extended all the way through the membrane
Active Movement
Requires use of energy (ATP)
Passive Movement
Occurs without the use of energy (ATP)
Ribosome
Synthesize Proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
- Covered with ribosomes
- Process and sorts protein
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
- No Ribosomes
- Synthesize lipids
Golgi Complex
Packages and exports proteins
Mitochondria
Generates ATP
- Breaks down Glucose
- Powerhouse
Lysosomes
Digest Substances
-Janitors
Peroxisomes
Oxidize for detoxification
Proteasomes
Digest Protein
Centrioles
Spindles for mitosis
Cilia
- Short, Hairlike projections on cell surface
- Move substances past cell
Flagella
- Long, Whiplike projections on cell surface
- Moves cell
Nucleus
Controls Cell
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nuclear pores
- Chromatin
- DNA
- Nucleolus
The Cell Cycle
How cells reproduce
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
Interphase
period when cell is not dividing -G1: duplicates organelles -S: DNA is replicated -G2: Grows (Grow, replicate, grow)
Order of mitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Prophase
- Nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear
- Centrioles activate and move to opposite poles
- Spindles form
Metaphase
-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
-Chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase
- Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin
- Nucleolus and Nuclear Envelope reappear
- Spindles disappear
