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Advanced Biology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dermatology

A

Study of skin

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2
Q

The largest organ of the body

A

Skin

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3
Q

Organization of skin (superficial to deep)

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)
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4
Q

The epidermis is composed of

A
  • Stratified squamous epithelium tissue

- 4-5 layers

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5
Q

2 main cell types in epidermis

A
  • Melanocyte

- Keratinocytes

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6
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • 90%
  • Contains Keratin
  • A tough protein that protects skin and waterproofs it
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7
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • 10%
  • Produces Melanin
  • Pigment
  • Transforms melanin to keratinocytes
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8
Q

Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum Lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Basale
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9
Q

Stratum Basale

A
  • Bottom layer of the epidermis

- Layer the cells that are actively dividing (mitosis)

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10
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A
  • 8-10 cell layer

- Begin to look flattened

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11
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A
  • Forms water-repellant sealant for the skin
  • Keratinocytes start to die
  • Include lamellar granules
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12
Q

Apoptosis

A

Death of cells

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13
Q

Lamellar Granules

A

Waterproofing lipids

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14
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A
  • Only found in areas with thick skin
    - Fingertips, palms, soles of feet
  • Extra layer of dead cells
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15
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  • Top layer of the epidermis

- Largest layer (25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes)

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16
Q

Psoriasis

A
  • Disorder in epidermis
  • Abnormal dividing of the skin
    • keratinocytes divide too quickly in stratum corneum
  • Skin forms flaky, silvery scales
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17
Q

Callus

A
  • Disorder in epidermis
  • Abnormal thickening of the epidermis
  • Overworking the skin speeds up division for extra protection.
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18
Q

Dermis

A

-Connective tissue

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19
Q

2 major regions of the dermis

A
  • Papillary Region

- Reticular Region

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20
Q

Papillary Region

A
  • Superficial layer of dermis
  • Fingerprints
  • Contain Touch Receptors
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21
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

fingertip projections in the dermis which cause grooves in the epidermis

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22
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscles

A

Touch Receptors

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23
Q

Reticular Region

A
  • Deep layer of the dermis
  • Contains hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, and sweat glands
  • stretch marks form
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24
Q

Stretch marks

A

Streaks on the skin caused by small tears in the dermis due to extreme stretching of the skin

25
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A
  • AKA hypodermis
  • Areolar and adipose connective tissue
  • Blood Vessels
  • Pressure Receptors
26
Q

Pacinian Corpuscles

A

Pressure Receptors

27
Q

Hair

A
  • Found of most body surfaces

- For protection

28
Q

3 structures of hair

A
  • Shaft
  • Root
  • Follicle
29
Q

Shaft

A

Portion of hair that projects from the skin

30
Q

Root

A

Portion of hair embedded in the dermis

31
Q

Follicle

A

Skin sheath which surrounds the root

32
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A
  • Raises hair
  • Causes goosebumps
  • Smooth Muscle
33
Q

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

A
  • Produce sebum to coat hair and skin
  • Keeps from drying out
  • Almost always connected to the hair follicle
34
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation of Sebaceous glands

35
Q

Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

A
  • Produces sweat that leaves skin through pores
  • Includes sweat, water, salt, waste
  • 2 types of sudoriferous glands
    - Eccrine
    - Apocrine
36
Q

Eccrine (sweat) glands

A

Regulate body temp. through sweat

37
Q

Apocrine (sweat) glands

A

Releases sweat into hair follicles

-found in armpits and groin areas

38
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Produces ear wax (Cerumen)

-For protection

39
Q

Structure of Nails

A

Hard epidermal cells to protect ends of digits

40
Q

Melanin

A

A brown-black skin pigment

More melanin= darker color

41
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow-orange pigment in adipose tissue

42
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Contributes a reddish color to skin depending on blood flow

43
Q

Vasodilation

A
  • Increased blood flow to the skin surface

- As blood flows near the surface, heat is given off

44
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decreased blood flow to skin surface to conserve heat

45
Q

Leading cause of cancer is

A

Excessive sun exposure

46
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Most Common
  • Occurs in Stratum Basale
  • Rarely metastasizes
47
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Occurs in upper epidermis

- May metastasizes

48
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A
  • Occurs in Melanocytes
  • Deadly because it metastasizes rapidly
  • 50% survival rate
49
Q

1st Degree Burn

A
  • Mild

- Only involves epidermis

50
Q

2nd Degree Burn

A
  • Damages epidermis and part of the dermis

- Blisters

51
Q

3rd Degree Burn

A
  • Destroys all layers
  • Long recovery
  • Skin grafts may be needed
52
Q

Athlete’s Foot

A

-Fungal Infection of the foot

53
Q

Chicken Pox

A
  • Highly contagious viral infection

- Shingles

54
Q

Shingles

A

Caused by chicken pox virus

-Lesions form on nerve pathways

55
Q

Cold Sore

A
  • A sore
  • Usually in/around the mouth
  • Caused by herpes virus
56
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness

57
Q

Bedsores

A

-Constant deficiency of blood flow to a tissue caused by prolonged pressure

58
Q

Eczema/ Dermatitis

A
  • Itchy, red skin inflammation

- Rash

59
Q

5 Functions of Skin

A
  • Protection: a barrier to infection, chemicals, dehydrations/evaporation, and sun
  • Synthesis of Vitamin D
  • Excretion: Sweat
  • Sensation: Touch, Pressure, temperature, pain
  • Regulation of body temperature (Thermoregulation)

Advanced Biology (14 decks)

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