Integumentary system Flashcards
(59 cards)
1
Q
Dermatology
A
Study of skin
2
Q
The largest organ of the body
A
Skin
3
Q
Organization of skin (superficial to deep)
A
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)
4
Q
The epidermis is composed of
A
- Stratified squamous epithelium tissue
- 4-5 layers
5
Q
2 main cell types in epidermis
A
- Melanocyte
- Keratinocytes
6
Q
Keratinocytes
A
- 90%
- Contains Keratin
- A tough protein that protects skin and waterproofs it
7
Q
Melanocytes
A
- 10%
- Produces Melanin
- Pigment
- Transforms melanin to keratinocytes
8
Q
Layers of the epidermis (superficial to deep)
A
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale
9
Q
Stratum Basale
A
- Bottom layer of the epidermis
- Layer the cells that are actively dividing (mitosis)
10
Q
Stratum Spinosum
A
- 8-10 cell layer
- Begin to look flattened
11
Q
Stratum Granulosum
A
- Forms water-repellant sealant for the skin
- Keratinocytes start to die
- Include lamellar granules
12
Q
Apoptosis
A
Death of cells
13
Q
Lamellar Granules
A
Waterproofing lipids
14
Q
Stratum Lucidum
A
- Only found in areas with thick skin
- Fingertips, palms, soles of feet - Extra layer of dead cells
15
Q
Stratum Corneum
A
- Top layer of the epidermis
- Largest layer (25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes)
16
Q
Psoriasis
A
- Disorder in epidermis
- Abnormal dividing of the skin
- keratinocytes divide too quickly in stratum corneum
- Skin forms flaky, silvery scales
17
Q
Callus
A
- Disorder in epidermis
- Abnormal thickening of the epidermis
- Overworking the skin speeds up division for extra protection.
18
Q
Dermis
A
-Connective tissue
19
Q
2 major regions of the dermis
A
- Papillary Region
- Reticular Region
20
Q
Papillary Region
A
- Superficial layer of dermis
- Fingerprints
- Contain Touch Receptors
21
Q
Dermal Papillae
A
fingertip projections in the dermis which cause grooves in the epidermis
22
Q
Meissner’s Corpuscles
A
Touch Receptors
23
Q
Reticular Region
A
- Deep layer of the dermis
- Contains hair follicles, nerves, oil glands, and sweat glands
- stretch marks form
24
Q
Stretch marks
A
Streaks on the skin caused by small tears in the dermis due to extreme stretching of the skin
25
Subcutaneous Layer
- AKA hypodermis
- Areolar and adipose connective tissue
- Blood Vessels
- Pressure Receptors
26
Pacinian Corpuscles
Pressure Receptors
27
Hair
- Found of most body surfaces
| - For protection
28
3 structures of hair
- Shaft
- Root
- Follicle
29
Shaft
Portion of hair that projects from the skin
30
Root
Portion of hair embedded in the dermis
31
Follicle
Skin sheath which surrounds the root
32
Arrector Pili Muscle
- Raises hair
- Causes goosebumps
- Smooth Muscle
33
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
- Produce sebum to coat hair and skin
- Keeps from drying out
- Almost always connected to the hair follicle
34
Acne
Inflammation of Sebaceous glands
35
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
- Produces sweat that leaves skin through pores
- Includes sweat, water, salt, waste
- 2 types of sudoriferous glands
- Eccrine
- Apocrine
36
Eccrine (sweat) glands
Regulate body temp. through sweat
37
Apocrine (sweat) glands
Releases sweat into hair follicles
| -found in armpits and groin areas
38
Ceruminous Glands
Produces ear wax (Cerumen)
| -For protection
39
Structure of Nails
Hard epidermal cells to protect ends of digits
40
Melanin
A brown-black skin pigment
| More melanin= darker color
41
Carotene
Yellow-orange pigment in adipose tissue
42
Hemoglobin
Contributes a reddish color to skin depending on blood flow
43
Vasodilation
- Increased blood flow to the skin surface
| - As blood flows near the surface, heat is given off
44
Vasoconstriction
Decreased blood flow to skin surface to conserve heat
45
Leading cause of cancer is
Excessive sun exposure
46
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Most Common
- Occurs in Stratum Basale
- Rarely metastasizes
47
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Occurs in upper epidermis
| - May metastasizes
48
Malignant Melanoma
- Occurs in Melanocytes
- Deadly because it metastasizes rapidly
- 50% survival rate
49
1st Degree Burn
- Mild
| - Only involves epidermis
50
2nd Degree Burn
- Damages epidermis and part of the dermis
| - Blisters
51
3rd Degree Burn
- Destroys all layers
- Long recovery
- Skin grafts may be needed
52
Athlete's Foot
-Fungal Infection of the foot
53
Chicken Pox
- Highly contagious viral infection
| - Shingles
54
Shingles
Caused by chicken pox virus
| -Lesions form on nerve pathways
55
Cold Sore
- A sore
- Usually in/around the mouth
- Caused by herpes virus
56
Alopecia
Baldness
57
Bedsores
-Constant deficiency of blood flow to a tissue caused by prolonged pressure
58
Eczema/ Dermatitis
- Itchy, red skin inflammation
| - Rash
59
5 Functions of Skin
- Protection: a barrier to infection, chemicals, dehydrations/evaporation, and sun
- Synthesis of Vitamin D
- Excretion: Sweat
- Sensation: Touch, Pressure, temperature, pain
- Regulation of body temperature (Thermoregulation)
