Chapter 2- Chemistry

Question 1

4 most abundant elements of a living organism

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 2

Functions and examples of the 4 biomolecules

Answer 2

• Carbohydrate; Energy; Ex. Sugars
• Lipids; Protection; Ex. Fats
• Proteins; Body Structure; Ex. Cheese
• Nucleic Acids; Genetic Material; Exs. DNA and RNA

Question 3

Functions and examples of the 4 biomolecules

Answer 3

• Carbohydrate; Energy; Ex. Sugars
• Lipids; Protection; Ex. Fats
• Proteins; Body Structure; Ex. Cheese
• Nucleic Acids; Genetic Material; Exs. DNA and RNA

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

Chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 5

Proteins are made up of

Answer 5

amino acids that are joined together in long chains

Question 6

Function of ATP

Answer 6

• Energy Transport in cell

- Carries energy in a chemical bond between the phosphate group

Question 7

Saturated Fats

Answer 7

• Single Bonds
• Solid
• From Animals
• Unhealthier

Question 8

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 8

• Double Bonds
• Liquid
• Plants

Question 9

Phospholipid

Answer 9

• 2 hydrophobic tails
• 1 hydrophilic head
• Key for cell membranes

Question 10

Atomic Number

Answer 10

-Number of Protons

Question 11

Atomic Mass

Answer 11

• Number of Protons + Neutrons

Question 12

Ion

Answer 12

• Charged atom that has lost or gained electrons
• Can be positive or negative
• Carry out electrical currents

Question 13

Buffer the blood

Answer 13

Chemical in blood to prevent rapid changes in pH

Question 14

Ionic Bonds

Answer 14

• Can donate or accept electrons

- Opposite Charges (Bonding)

Question 15

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 15

-Type of polar covalent bond between Hydrogen atoms and other atoms

Question 16

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 16

-Type of polar covelent bont between Hydrogen atoms and other atoms

Question 17

Inorganic

Answer 17

• Lack Carbon

- Ionic or covalent bonds

Question 18

Organic

Answer 18

• Have Carbon and Hydrogen

- Always Covalent

Question 19

pH

Answer 19

-The concentration of H+ in a solution

Question 20

Acid

Answer 20

• Has pH <7

- Has more H+ present than OH- present

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

• pH>7

- Has more OH- than H+ present

Question 22

Base

Answer 22

• pH>7

- Has more OH- than H+ present

Question 23

Monosaccharides

Answer 23

• Simple sugars, composed of 1 sugar unit

- Ex. Glucose (Blood sugar)

Question 24

Disaccharide

Answer 24

• Composed of 2 sugar units

- Ex. Sucrose (Table Sugar)

Question 25

Polysaccharide

Answer 25

• Composed of many sugar units
• Exs. Glycogen (storage form of glucose in animals)
  - Starch (Stage form of glucose in plants)

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

• Double Helix
• Sugar is Deoxyribose
• Thymine

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

• Single Strand
• Sugar is Ribose
• Uracil
• Synthesize Protiens