particulate nature of matter Flashcards
define concentration
to the number of particles per unit volume
define diffusion 2
movement of particles in liquids and gases from higher concentration to lower concentration area
energy is required to go from low to high
what causes faster diffusion
higher temperature and smaller molecular mass of particles
in diffusion from solid to liquid, what causes the solid to eventually be evenly spread out throughout liquid
random motion of particles in a liquid
explain diffusion in gases 2
particles collide with other particles and bounce off in all direction
do not diffuse at the same rate at the same time
what does diffusion in gases depend on (2)
1 mass of particles - lower mass of its particles faster a gas will diffuse because lighter particles travel faster and bounce further apart when collide
2 temperature -when a gas heated, particles take in heat energy and move faster so collide with more energy and bounce further away
higher temp faster a gas will diffuse
define osmosis
movement of water molecules from a plane of high concentration to low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane to reach an equal concentration on both sides of the membrane
list two real life examples of osmosis
movement of water into cells - uptake of water by roots hair cells where water moves from the soil to inside of cell
pickling and preserving fruits - placing them in concentrated salts water moves out of cells to outside thus drying out fruits
define Brownian motion
random haphazard motion of particles suspended in a liquid or gas resulting from their collision with quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid
explain the history of brownian motion
1827 robert brown observed through a microscope the motion of pollen grains suspended in water which were seen to jerk about randomly
