Particles Of Matter

Question 1

Density meaning

Answer 1

How a compact mass is in a material or object

Question 2

Density equation

Answer 2

Density = mass / volume

Question 3

How to calculate volume of any iregaular object

Answer 3

Can only be measures using a displacement/eureka can.

Question 4

Solid state of matter description

Answer 4

Regular arrangement(lattice)
Vibrate in fixed positions
Cannot be compressed

Question 5

Liquid state of matter

Answer 5

Particles have no regular arrangement and able to move past each other
Cannot be compressed

Question 6

Gas states of matter

Answer 6

Particles are far apart move randomly at fast speeds(high energy)
Can be compressed

Question 7

What is solid to gas change

Answer 7

Sublimation

Question 8

What must be supplied to melt/evaporate

Answer 8

Energy(heat) must be supplied to overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction between particles

Question 9

Internal energy

Answer 9

The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles in a substance

Question 10

Particles theory of gasses

Answer 10

Gas pressure is a result of particles colliding with the walls of the container, exerting a force outwards.

Question 11

What happens when you heat a gas

Answer 11

You increase the particles kinectic energy, meaning they collide more frequently and with a greater force:there is an increase in pressure

Question 12

What is the relationship between pressure and volume of gasses

Answer 12

Inversely proportional

Question 13

What is an isotope

Answer 13

Different number of neutrons but same number of protons

Question 14

What happens to unstable nuclei

Answer 14

They will decay to become more stable, emitting radiation in the process. These can ionise other atoms/molecules.which can be dangerous

Question 15

What is gamma radiation

Answer 15

Is a high energy EM wave that can be emitted by a nucleus, but this isn’t due to decay;it’s just due to a nucleus having excess energy

Question 16

Alpha decay

Answer 16

The emission of a helium nucleus from a unstable nuclei

Question 17

Alpha radiation described(what is it-mass-charge-ionising power-penetrating ability-use)

Answer 17

Helium nucleus/atom
Mass=4
Charge=2
High ionising power
Low penetrating abillity(absorbed by paper/few cm of air)
Use-smoke detector

Question 18

Beta radiation(what’s is it-mass-charge-ionising power-penetrating ability-use)

Answer 18

Fast moving electron
Mass - 0
Charge - -1
Medium ionising power
Medium penetrating abillity
Use - thickness gauge

Question 19

Gamma radiation(what is it-mass-charge-ionising power-penetrating abillity-use)

Answer 19

High energy EM wave
Mass - 0
Charge - 0
Ionising power low
High penetrating abillity
Use - radiotherapy/gamma knife and sterilisation

Question 20

Radioactivity definition

Answer 20

The rate of decay in a sample of radioactive material. This is equal to the rate of radiation emitted

Question 21

Half life

Answer 21

The time taken for the activity to halve(this is also true for number of unstable nuclei left, and also masss.

Question 22

Fission definition

Answer 22

Splitting of a nucleus into two daughter nuclei, releasing energy.(mostly kinetic/heat) that can then used to generate electricty.

Question 23

How is fission induced

Answer 23

By a neutron absorbing a neutron making it more stable it also releases up to 3 more neutrons - these go on to induce more fission. This is a chain reaction.

Question 24

Fusion

Answer 24

The joining together of two (Lighter) nuclei(such as heavy hydrogen-2) releasing energy(kinetic and EM radiation)

Question 25

What happens in both fission and fusion

Answer 25

In both cases, the total mass of the particles decreases:mass has been converted to energy