Particle Mode Of Matter Flashcards
Describe the configuration of solids
Particles are very close together
Particles arranged in regular pattern
Particles vibrate but do not move from place to pace
Describe configuration of a liquids
Particles are close together.
Particles not arranged in regular pattern.
Particles can move around each other
Describe configuration of gasses
Particles are very far apart.
Particles not arranged in any any pattern.
Particles are moving very rapidly.
What is density
The density of a material tell us the mass for a given volume
Compare the brick and polystyrene block and their density
The brick has a high density. It has lots of mass packed into its volume. The polystyrene block has a low density. It has a lower mass packed into its volume.
Why do solids usually have a very high density
Because the particles are packed together, solids have a lot of mass for their volume
Why do liquid usually have a high density
Because the particles are close together, liquids have a lot of mass for their volume.
Why do gasses have a low density
The particles are very far apart so gases only have a small mass for their volume
Describe the density of polystyrene
Polystyrene is a solid but it has low density. Polystyrene has a very open structure and it is full of air spaces. It has a small mass for it’s volume
How do we find the density of an regular solid
First we determine the mass using a scale.
Then work out volume - we use a ruler to measure the length of the side.
The volume equals the length of the side cubed.
Then use the density equation = mass/volume
How to find the density of an irregular object
Find the mass of the object using a scale.
Then fill eureka can with water.
Place object into the water. This will cause water to be displaced and flow out of the can through the spout.
Measure the volume of water displaced. This volume is the same as the volume of the object.
Then use density = mass/volume
Describe the internal energy in a solid
Particles in a solid do not move from place to place, but they do vibrate.
Describe the internal energy in a liquid
Particles in a liquid can move around each other
Describe the internal energy in a gas
Move extremely rapid
What is internal energy
Energy stored in a system by the particles.(simple)
Internal energy is the total energy and potential energy of the particles(atoms and molecules) that make up a system.
What is solid to liquid change
Melting
What is liquid to solid
Freezing
What is gas to liquid
Condensation
What is liquid to gas
Boiling
What is solid to a gas
Sublimation
What happens too mass during change of state
Nothing mass is always conserved
What type of reaction is change of state
Physical
Describe evaporation
Evaporation is when a liquid turns to a gas but only on the surface of a liquid as the only the particles on the surface have enough energy to turn into a gas
What is specific heat capacity
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degree
what is the energy needed to change a state called
Latent heat
What is the energy needed for a substance to change state
Latent heat
Describe heating and cooling graphs
During the change of state, we increasing the internal energy store of the system but we not changing the temperature
What is the specific latent heat of a substance
Amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature
It takes 334000 J of energy to melt one kilogram of ice. What is this called
Scientists call this the specie latent heat of fusion
What is specific latent heat of fusion
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance From a solid to a liquid with no change in temperature
What is specific latent heat of vaporisation
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature
Describe particles in a gas
Particles are very far apart and are in constant random motion
Describe the pressure of a gas
The pressure of a gas is due to the particles colliding with the walls of the container that the gas is held in.
By colliding with the walls of the container, the gas particles are exerting a pressure.
We increase the pressure if we increase the number of collisions per second or the energy of each collision
What is the difference between a gas having a low temperature or a high temperature
The temperature of a gas is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles
At low temperatures :
Parcels have lower kinetic energy. There are fewer collisions per second. There are lower energy collisions(low pressure)
At high temperatures:
At high temperatures, particles have higher kinetic energy. These are more collisions per second. These are higher energy collisions.
