Particle Theory Flashcards
what is density?
the measure of compactness of a substance. it relates to the mass of a substance and how much space it takes.
how to calculate density?
density = mass (kg/g) / volume (m²/cm²)
what is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1°C.
how to calculate heat energy in joules?
Q (specific heat capacity) = M (kg) × C (specific heat capacity) × ΔT (temperature change)
give an example of substances with different densities
sponge - low density, compressible, high absorbability
brick - high density, low compressibility
what is 1m³ in cm
1 000 000 cm
what is 1m² in cm
100 000 cm
how to find volume of regular shapes?
area of cross section × length
how to find area of irregular shapes?
eureka can experiement
how to carry out eureka can experiment
Measure the mass: Use a balance to measure the mass of the object
Fill the can: Fill the Eureka can with water to a level just below the spout
Insert the object: Carefully lower the object into the can
Collect the displaced water: Place an empty measuring cylinder under the spout to collect the water that is displaced
Measure the displaced water: Measure the volume of the water that was displaced
Calculate the density: Use the measurements to calculate the density of the object
forces of attraction in a solid
strong forces of attraction which hold particles close together and in a fixed, id arrangement. do not have much energy so only vibrate in their fixed positions (vibrational energy)
forces of attraction liquid
weaker forces of attraction between particles, meaning they are close together but can move and form irregular arrangements. more energy than solid particles and can move randomly at slow speeds.
forces of attraction gas
no forces of attraction between particles. more energy than solids and liquid and can move at high speeds in random directions - random motion.
what does density do as the volume decreases?
density increases as volume decreases
what happens to density as compressibility decreases?
density increases as compressibility decreases
what is internal energy?
amount of energy particles have and the state of substance depends on the temperature
what do different substances require?
different amounts of energy to change state
why do substances change state?
if the substances are heated enough, the particles will have enough energy in their Kinetic Energy store to break the bonds holding them together resulting in a change of state
what is specific heat latency?
the energy needed to change the state of a substance
difference between specific heat latency and specific heat capacity
specific heat capacity is the energy needed to change the temperature of a substance, while specific latent heat is the energy needed to change the state of a substance
