Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom made of?
Neutron, proton, electron
what is charge of a proton?
positive charge (+)
what is the charge of a neutron?
no charge (0/neutral charge)
what is charge of an electron?
negative charge (-)
what do number of protons equal?
number of electrons
why is the overall charge of an atom neutral?
because the electrons and protons’ charge cancel each other out
what happens when an atom loses an electron?
it becomes a positive ion (+1)
what happens when an atom gains an electron?
it becomes a negative ion (-1)
what is the number above the letter called and what does it show?
The mass number. shows protons + neutrons
what is number below the letter called and what does it show?
Atomic number. shows protons
What would the overall charge be of a sodium atom that has lost 2 electrons and had originally had:
- 22 neutrons
- 11 electrons
- 11protons
+2 (-9 +11 = +2)
what is the maximum electrons in the first shell?
2
what is the maximum number of electrons in the second, third, fourth, fifth, etc, shells?
8
what is an element?
substances made from only one type of atom
what is a compound?
formed when 2 or more substances are chemically bonded
what is a mixture?
formed from substances that have no chemical bond. easily separated by physical methods
what is filtration used to separate?
used to separate insoluble solid from a liquid (solvent)
what is distillation used to separate?
used to separate liquids with different boiling points from a liquid and insoluble solid from a liquid
what does the number of the group mean?
number of electrons in the outer shell
what happens as you go down the groups?
the number of shells increases, meaning the element gets bigger
what is a group?
vertical column in periodic table
what is a period?
horizontal row in periodic table
