Cell Biology

Question 1

what are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

cells with a nucleus that is membrane bounds

Question 2

which cells are eukaryotic?

Answer 2

animal and plant cells

Question 3

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

a cell which the nucleus floats freely around the cytoplasm

Question 4

which cells are prokaryotic?

Answer 4

bacterial cells

Question 5

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 5

to provide genetic information and control the cells activities

Question 6

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

where chemical reactions take place; contains enzymes for the chemical reactions

Question 7

what is function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

to keep the cell together and allow substances in and out of the cell

Question 8

what is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

where respiration happens, releases energy

Question 9

formula for respiration (aerobic)

Answer 9

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide and energy

Question 10

function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

to make protein

Question 11

which features to plant cells have but animal cells do not?

Answer 11

vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts

Question 12

what is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 12

made form cellulose. strengthens the cell

Question 13

function of the vacuole?

Answer 13

contains cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salt)

Question 14

function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 14

for photosynthesis to make energy.

Question 15

what is chlorophyll?

Answer 15

chlorophyll is a green pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 16

what do bacterial cells have instead of a nucleus?

Answer 16

the dna is floating freely inside the cytoplasm

Question 17

what is plasmid dna?

Answer 17

circular dna that helps protect the bacteria

Question 18

what is differentiation?

Answer 18

the process which a cell changes to become specialised

Question 19

why do muscle cells have more mitochondria?

Answer 19

they need more energy supply to move

Question 20

why do root hair cells look like this:

Answer 20

they have more surface area to absorb more nutrients

Question 21

where are stem cells found?

Answer 21

early human embryos and adult bone marrow

Question 22

what are stem cells used for?

Answer 22

replace faulty cells in sick people eg. nerve cells to replace damaged tissue

Question 23

what is diffusion?

Answer 23

movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 24

what is osmosis?

Answer 24

movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 25

what is active transport?

Answer 25

movement of energy from a low concentration to a high concentration. active process = energy is needed