Circulatory system Flashcards
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what is the circulatory system?
double circulatory: one to the body and one to the lungs
which artery takes blood to the lungs?
pulmonary artery
which vein takes deoxygenated blood to the heart?
vena cava
how does oxygenated blood enter the heart?
through the pulmonary vein
how does the oxygenated blood enter the body?
through the aorta
what do the coronary arteries do?
The coronary arteries provide the heart muscle with the glucose and oxygen it needs for
respiration
what do arteries do?
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
what is adaption of artery?
thick muscular walls to make them strong
and elastic fibres to stretch so they can withstand high blood pressure
what is adaption of veins
low pressure blood so don’t have thick walls, valves to ensure blood is moving in one direction
purpose for capillaries?
responsible for gas exchange oxygen diffuses out and carbon dioxide diffuses in.
adaptions of capillaries
have very thin walls only one cell thick to allow diffusion to happen quickly because of the short diffusion pathway, meaning there is a large surface area to maximise diffusion
what do coronary arteries do?
supply the heart with blood
what muscle is the heart made of?
cardiac muscle
what happens in coronary heart disease?
fatty/ plaque deposits narrow the coronary arteries, lessening blood flow and creating blood clots
why is coronary heart disease happening?
poor diet - obesity and high cholesterol levels blocking arteries
smoking - walls of arteries damaged by chemical levels in tar
how can coronary heart disease be treated?
by balloon angioplasty (stents) they are tubes placed in the artery to keep it open and allow blood flow
advantages of stents?
effective for long periods of time
short recovery period
useful for those who cannot take drugs
disadvantages of stents?
risk of infection
surgery needed
how does it work?
1) stent with balloon inserted into partially blocked artery
2) balloon inflated to expand stent and push plaque against walls of artery
3) balloon removed from expanded stent, allowing blood to flow
