Particle model of matter (Seneca) Flashcards
Atoms are very small and have a radius of about …
1 × 10-10 metres.
The electrons are arranged at different distances from the nucleus (————————).
different energy levels
The electrons are arranged at —————————— (different energy levels).
different distances from the nucleus
The radius of a nucleus is less than ————- of the radius of an atom.
1/10 000
Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the …
nucleus
Protons have a relative charge of …
+1.
An element’s atomic number is the …
number of protons it possesses.
All atoms of the ——- element have the same number of protons.
same
Electrons have a relative charge of …
-1.
Electrons are found in …
fixed orbits around the nucleus.
Neutrons have a relative charge of …
0
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus by …
firing a beam of alpha particles at thin metal foils (only a few atoms wide).
Why would the alpha particles be deflected by a smaller angle if the thin metal foil was made of a lighter element?
The nuclei of lighter elements contain fewer protons. This means they have a lower charge. Each alpha particle will, therefore, experience a smaller electric force acting on it and so deflect by a smaller angle.
Each electron shell has a different ———- level.
energy
Electrons (negatively charged particles) have been shown to orbit the nucleus at ——— distances.
fixed
When an atom absorbs or emits electromagnetic radiation, its ————— can change.
electron arrangements
When atoms emit electromagnetic radiation, electrons move to a —————- the nucleus.
lower energy level, closer to
When atoms absorb electromagnetic radiation, electrons move to a ——————— the nucleus.
higher energy level further away from
When atoms ——- electromagnetic radiation, electrons move to a higher energy level further away from the nucleus.
absorb
When atoms ———-electromagnetic radiation, electrons can drop to a lower energy level, closer to the nucleus.
emit
What can be emitted by atoms to change the electron arrangement in an atom?
Radiation
Density (g/cm3) =
Mass(g) /volume (cm3)
The Law of Displacement says that …
an object completely submerged in a fluid (like water) will replace an amount of fluid equal to its own volume.
An object floats in a fluid if the density of the object is ——— than the density of the fluid.
lower
The force that keeps the object afloat is called …
upthrust.
Solids are the ——- state of matter.
densest
Solids particles are —————— together.
packed tightly
Gases are the ——— dense state of matter.
least
The particles are ———— with negligible (tiny) forces between particles.
free to move
The particles are free to move with —————- forces between particles.
negligible (tiny)
Liquids are 1. dense than solids but 2. than gases.
- less
- denser
The particles in liquids can move …
around each other.
What type of change is a change of state?
Physical
Density (kg/m3) =
Mass (kg)/volume (m3)
The energy in an object’s kinetic store comes from the …
random motion of its particles.
The temperature of a body (object) is a measure of the …
energy in the kinetic stores of its particles.
Increasing a body’s temperature increases the energy in the …
kinetic stores of the body’s particles
Increasing a body’s temperature increases the energy in the kinetic stores of the body’s particles, which means that the energy in the ————- also increases.
body’s internal store
The energy in an object’s potential store comes from the …
potential energy stored in the bonds between particles.
Which type of energy store comes from the energy stored in the bonds between particles?
Potential energy store
change in internal energy (j) =
mass (kg) specific heat capacity ( J/kg°C x temperature change (C)
The amount of energy in an object’s internal store is the …
sum (total) of the kinetic and chemical potential stores of the object’s particles.
The energy in an object’s kinetic store comes from the …
random motion of its particles.
The temperature of a body (object) is a measure of …
the energy in the kinetic stores of its particles.
Increasing a body’s temperature increases the energy in the kinetic stores of the body’s particles, which means that the energy in the body’s internal store …
also increases.
The energy in an object’s potential store comes from the …
potential energy stored in the bonds between particles.
change in internal energy (J) =
mass (Kg) × specific heat capacity (J/kg°C) ×temperature change(C)
The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to …
increase the temperature of 1 kg of that substance by 1°C.
Specific heat capacity (J/kg°C)=
change in internal energy (J) /mass (Kg) x maximum temperature rise (C)
thermal capacity=
mass×specific heat capacity
Leslie’s cube is a …
metal box with 4 different colour sides (black, matte black, white, unpainted).
If you pour hot water into the Leslie cube, the ———- side will emit more infra-red radiation than the other sides.
matte (dull) black