fission ect. Flashcards

1
Q

Fission may cause

A

a chain reaction

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2
Q

what is present at the end of fusion

A

a larger nucleus

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3
Q

what is present at the start of fusion

A

two lighter nuclei

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4
Q

how does the total mass change before and after in fusion

A

total mass before is larger than total mass after

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5
Q

explain how the process of nuclear fusion leads to the release of what?

A

lighter nuclei join to form heavier nucleus and some of the mass is wasted to energy of radiation

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6
Q

what does radioactive mean

A

a sample containing unstable nuclei which gives out radiation

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7
Q

how can one alpha particle be represented (symbol)

A

4
a
2

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8
Q

how can one alpha particle be represented (using helium)

A

4
He
2

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9
Q

how can one beta particle be represented (symbol)

A

0
B
-1

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10
Q

how can one beta particle be represented
(using electron)

A

0
e
-1

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11
Q

Radioactive decay is _______

A

random

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12
Q

what is the half-life of a radioactive isotope

A

the time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to halve

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13
Q

the half life _____________ as more and more of the nuclei decay

A

stays the same

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14
Q

the first model of an atom was designed by who?

A

john Dalton

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15
Q

the first model was theorised to be what?

A

a solid sphere

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16
Q

carbon-13 and carbon-12 are isotopes the of the same element. what does this mean?

A

they contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

17
Q

what is a beta particle?

A

a high speed electron

18
Q

what is an alpha particle?

A

2 neutrons
2 protons

19
Q

what is a gamma ‘particle’?

A

electromagnetic radiation

20
Q

what cannot alpha particles penetrate

21
Q

what cannot beta particles penetrate

A

thin sheet of aluminium foil

22
Q

what cannot gamma particles penetrate

A

thick lead or concrete

23
Q

In order for unstable nuclei to become stable it needs to

A

emit radiation

24
Q

why are atomic nuclei unstable

A

too many nucleons (neutrons and protons)

25
which radiation is most ionising
Alpha particles
26
natural background sources include
rocks and cosmic rays from space
27
manmade background sources include
fallout from nuclear weapons testing, nuclear accidents