particle model of matter - particle motion in gases Flashcards
how do particles in a gas move
with random direction and speed
- far away from each other
how does the temperature of a gas relate to the average energy
the higher the temperature, the higher the average kinetic energy
what happens when gas particles move at a high speed
- they bang into each other and exert a force
- faster particles means more frequent collisions
what factors increase / decrease gas pressure in a container
- increasing temperature will increase the speed, and so the pressure ( if volume is kept constant )
- if temperature is constant, increasing volume means particles get more spread out and will hit container walls less often, decreasing pressure
what is the relationship between volume and pressure
they are inversely proportional, increasing volume decreases pressure, decreasing volume increases pressure
what is the equation for pressure and volume for a gas of a fixed mass at a constant temperature
pV = constant p= pascals ( Pa ) v = volume ( m ^ 3 )
equation for change in momentum
The change in momentum is equal to the force multiplied by time. It is also the same as impulse
how to find pressure
force/ area
how does the speed of particles in a gas differ from ones in a solid or liquid
they are quicker than ones in a solid or liquid
what happens if you increase the volume of a gas in a container
increasing the volume in which a gas is contained, at constant
temperature, can lead to a decrease in pressure.
Describe gas particles in a container
Since the particles in a gas are moving fast and randomly, collisions occur frequently. These collisions may be between two particles, between a particle and the wall of the container, or between a particle and something else in the container.
For example, the collisions caused by a gas trapped inside a balloon cause forces to act outwards in all directions, giving the balloon its shape.
why might the pressure of gas molecules increase
The pressure from gas molecules may increase if there are more molecules colliding each second or if the molecules are moving faster.
what happens if the volume of gases inside a container stays the same
the pressure of a gas increases as its temperature increases. (directly proprtional)
If the temperature of a gas stays the same, the pressure of the gas increases as the volume of its container decreases…why?
This is because the same number of particles collides with the walls of the container more frequently as there is less space. However, the particles still collide with the same amount of force.
what is work
the transfer of energy by a force