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AQA Physics GCSE > Energy demands > Flashcards

Energy demands Flashcards

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1
Q

disadvantages of non - renewable sources

A
  • they release a huge amount of carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change
  • theyre not being replaced as we use them, so theyll eventually run out
  • they can release other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
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2
Q

examples of non - renewable energy sources

A

coal
oil
(Natural) Gas

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3
Q

what are renewable energy sources

A

resources that will never run out and can constantly be replaced

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4
Q

properties of renewable energy sources

A

never runs out
most can damage the environment, but not as badly as non - renewable
don’t provide much energy, unreliable as they depend on weather

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5
Q

examples of renewable energy sources

A
  • the sun ( solar )
  • wind
  • water waves
  • hydroelectric
  • bio-fuel/ biomass
    -tides
    -geothermal
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6
Q

Common uses of energy resources

A
  • Transport
  • Heat
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7
Q

how are energy resources used for transport ( non - renewable)

A
  • petrol and diesel powered vehicles use fuel created from oil
  • coal is used in some old - fashioned steam trains to boil water to produce steam
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8
Q

how are energy resources used for transport ( renewable)

A
  • vehicles that run on pure bio - fuels or a mix of biofuel and petrol are created using renewable sources
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9
Q

how are energy resources used for heating ( non - renewable)

A
  • natural gas most widely used for heating water which is then pumped into radiators
  • coal in fireplaces
  • electric heaters
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10
Q

how are energy resources used for heating (renewable)

A
  • geothermal heat pump
    -solar water heaters
  • burning bio - fuel for electricity or heating
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11
Q

disadvantages of using fossil fuels

A
  • coal, oil, gas release CO2 into atmosphere when burned, adds to the greenhouse effect, contributing to global warming
  • burning coal and oil also releases sulfur dioxide, causes acid rain, harmful to trees and soils
  • oil spillages can cause environmental problems, affecting birds, mammals, birds, sealife etc
    -will eventually run out
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12
Q

advantages of ALL renewable energy

A
  • will never run out
  • once in place, renewable energy resources do not add any carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, they don’t contribute to climate change
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13
Q

disadvantages of wind and solar power

A
  • unreliable
  • weather dependent
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14
Q

pros and cons of hydroelectric power

A
  • reliable
    -but habitats are destroyed when dams are built and valleys are flooded
  • only useful in countries with lots of rivers
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15
Q

pros and cons of tidal power

A
  • very reliable
  • some argue tidal barrages may be harmful to wildlife
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16
Q

pros and cons of wave power

A
  • reliable and has huge potential in the UK since we have an extensive coastline
  • small scale and experimental
17
Q

pros and cons of geothermal power

A
  • reliable
  • not used much in UK
18
Q

what are biofuels

A

fuels made from waste and plants

19
Q

pros and cons of biofuels

A
  • produced from plant materials
  • when we burn them we release co2, but the plants took in the co2 so we are not adding extra to the atmosphere
  • however, if we use land to grow crops for fuel, it could push up the price of food
  • used for transport
20
Q

uses of energy

A

transport, generating electricity, heating

21
Q

advantages of fossil fuels

A

reliable
cheap
abundant
they release a lot of energy
versatile

22
Q

properties of nuclear power

A

theyre non renewable
- they run on elements uranium and plutonium
- cannot easily be turned on and off, are usually kept on all the time

23
Q

advantages of nuclear power

A

once a power plant is running, it releases no carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to climate change
- reliable, can generate a lot of electricity when we want it

24
Q

disadvantages of nuclear power

A
  • contains highly dangerous radioactive material, so if theres an accident, then these materials could be released into the environment
  • at the end of a nuclear plants life, it needs to be decommissioned and this is veryyy expensive
  • throughout its life, a power plant generates large amounts of highly radioactive waste which has to be stored for thousands of years before its safe
25
Q

what was the most abundant fossil fuel up till the 1950s

A

coal

26
Q

what percent of the uks electricity was generated by nuclear power in the 80s

A

20%

27
Q

advantages of using gas over coal

A
  • burning gas generates less carbon dioxide than burning coal, meaning it contributes less to climate change
  • gas fire power stations can be switched on and off quickly during times of high demands, whilst coal fired power stations have very long start up times
28
Q

what is a disadvantage of using all renewable sources

A
  • a lot of energy used in the UK is for transport, including cars, and almost all cars in the uk run on petrol or diesel, which are fossil fuels

AQA Physics GCSE (38 decks)

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