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AQA Physics GCSE > LIGHT > Flashcards

LIGHT Flashcards

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1
Q

what things affect what waves do at a boundary

A
  • the material
  • the wavelength of the wave
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2
Q

angle of reflection =

A

angle of incidence

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3
Q

what is refraction

A

when a wave changes speed or direction when changing from one medium to another

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4
Q

what happens when a ray of light is reflected onto a rough surface

A
  • each rays of light are reflected in different directions
  • angle of incidence is different for each ray
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5
Q

what happens when light passes from air into glass

A

the speed of light decreases, causing the direction of the waves to change

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6
Q

what happens when waves slow down in a ray diagram

A

they bend towards the normal

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7
Q

what happens when waves speed up in a ray diagram

A

they bend away from the normal

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8
Q

when do waves not change direction

A

when they enter or leave the medium at right angles to the surface

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9
Q

what is the wavefront

A

an imaginary line that connects all the same points in a set of waves

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10
Q

what do all lenses do

A

they refract light

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11
Q

why does the central ray in a convex lens not get refracted

A

because the ray is passing directly along the normal

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12
Q

what is the centre of the lens called

A

the principal axis

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13
Q

what is the point that all other refracted rays are focused on called

A

principal focus

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14
Q

what is the focal length

A

the distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus

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15
Q

properties of images formed from convex lenses

A
  • inverted
  • real
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16
Q

meaning of real image

A

an image where rays of light actually meet at a point

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17
Q

what properties would an image have if the object is more than 2 focal lengths from the lens

A
  • diminished
  • inverted
  • real
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18
Q

what happens if the object is between 1 and 2 focal lengths from the lens

A
  • magnified
  • inverted
  • real
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19
Q

how do we show the image in a magnifying glass ray diagram

A

we draw dotted lines to extend the rays behind the lens, where the dotted lines meet is the position of the image

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20
Q

why dow e use dotted lines for magnified ray diagrams

A

because these do not represent the actual path of the rays

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21
Q

properties of an image formed by a magnifying glass

A
  • magnified
  • same way up as the object (upright)
  • virtual
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22
Q

how can we tell if a ray diagram is one from a magnifying glass

A

the object is less than one focal length away from the lens

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23
Q

meaning of virtual

A

when the rays do not actually meet at a point, they only appear to meet, so we couldnt see this image on a screen

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24
Q

when is the only time a convex lens produces a virtual image

A

when its used as a magnifying glass

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25
Q

properties of convex lens

A

thicker in the centre than the edges

26
Q

properties of concave lenses

A

they are thicker at the edges than in the centre

27
Q

what do concave lenses make light do

A

spread out(DIVERGE)

28
Q

where is the principal focus in a concave lens

A

behind the lens

29
Q

why do we draw a dotted line to show the refracted ray in a concave lens

A

because a concave lens is not actually focusing the light at the principal focus, it only appears to be

30
Q

how can we show the position of an image in a concave lens ray diagram

A

where the dotted line and the first ray meet

31
Q

properties of concave images

A
  • diminished
  • right way up
  • VIRTUAL
32
Q

why are concave images virtual

A

because the rays do not actually cross there, they only appear to cross there

33
Q

what is specular reflection

A

when all light rays are reflecting in a single direction (smooth surface)

34
Q

what is diffuse reflection

A

where light rays are scattered and each rays angle of incidence is different

35
Q

what happens when we shine light through a prism

A

it splits into a spectrum

36
Q

what colours are in the spectrum of light

A

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

37
Q

what does the colour of an object depend on

A

which wavelengths of light are absorbed, transmitted or reflected

38
Q

why do white objects appear white

A

because they reflect all wavelengths of visible light equally

39
Q

why do black objects appear black

A

because they absorb all the wavelengths of visible light

40
Q

meaning of opaque

A

objects that do not transmit light, only absorb or reflect it

41
Q

how do coloured filters work

A

by absorbing specific wavelengths and transmitting (allowing through) other wavelengths

42
Q

what happens when you shine white light on a red filter

A

the filter absorbs all colours of visible light except red, so only red light is transmitted through the filter

43
Q

what type of objects can transmit light

A

transparent and translucent objects

44
Q

why cant we see through translucent objects

A

because they scatter the light rays so we cannot see through them clearly

45
Q

why do white objects appear white

A

because they reflect all wavelengths of visible light equally

46
Q

why do black objects appear black

A

because they absorb all the wavelengths of visible light

47
Q

what happens when white light is shone onto a red object

A

the red absorbs all the colours of white light, apart from red which is reflected

48
Q

what happens when you shine a red filter onto a red object

A

the red filter absorbs all colours of light except red, which is transmitted,

the red light can then reflect off the red object, so the object appears red

49
Q

what happens if you shine a red filter on a green object

A

the red filter absorbs all wavelengths of visible light apart from red, which is transmitted

the green object completely absorbs the red light so none is reflected

the green object will appear black, as it is not reflecting any light

50
Q

what factors affect what a wave does at a boundary

A
  • the material
  • the waves wavelength
51
Q

why cant we see through translucent objects clearly

A

because they scatter light rays

52
Q

what does the wavelength and intensity of radiation depend on

A

the temperature of the object, very hot objects emit shorter wavelength radiation than cooler objects

53
Q

what dies a perfect black body do

A

absorbs all the radiation incident on it, no radiation is transmitted or reflected
- best possible emitter of radiation

54
Q

what will happen if an object is warmer than its surroubdibgs

A

it will emit more radiation than it absorbs, and its temperature will decrease

55
Q

what will happen if an object is cooler than its surroundings

A

it will absorb more radiation than it emits, and its temperature will increase

56
Q

what will happen to radiation if an object is at constant temperature

A

it will absorb and emit radiation at the same rate

57
Q

how does radiation affect the temperature of the earth

A
  • the sun emits short wavelength radiation, such as visible light and UV
  • this radiation travels to the earth
  • some of the radiation is reflected eg by clouds
  • the remaining radiation can then be absorbed by the earth
  • this causes the temperature of the earth to increase
  • the earth then emits infrared radiation back into space
  • however some of the energy of the infrared is trapped by greenhouse gases
58
Q

what happens to radiation as the levels of greenhouse gases increase

A

more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and less is radiated back into soace

59
Q

what factors can affect how much energy is radiated from the earth

A

cloud cover - cloudier nights tend to be warmer than clear nights, because clouds can reflect infrared back to earth and prevent it being radiated into space

60
Q

features of matt black surfaces

A

best emitters and absorbers of infrared radiation

61
Q

what do the wavelength and the intensity of radiation depend on

A

the temperature of the object

62
Q

how does temperature change with wavelength size

A
  • very hot objects emit shorter wavelength radiation than cooler objects
  • as the object gets hotter, it emits more short wavelength radiation

AQA Physics GCSE (38 decks)

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