part one- challenging authority and feudalism Flashcards
what were 5 main qualities of a good medieval king?
-expected to defend his people by leading his army well
-maintaining the support of important people eg barons
-keep the country peaceful
-successfully deal with rebellions
-maintain good relations with the church
king john being a good king- (trials)?
-the english were allowed to have a fair trial consisting of a judge and a jury
-he sometimes delayed proceedings to make sure a trial was fair
king john being a good king (money and richard)?
-richard left john in debt because of wars with france
-john struggled to raise enough money to defend england
king john being a good king (father and brother)?
he would never be able to live up to his father and brothers great reputation
king john being a bad king (scutage)?
John charged barons to help him fight wars in France
-john wasnt very good at fighting- the barons then lost land in france and so therefore lost money
what did johns disagreement with the pope lead to?
-the pope banned church services in England-even marriages and funerals-
-this frightened the people as without regular attendance at mass they believed they would go to Hell
-the barons became nervous- breakdown between the king and the church which could lead to an invasion from a foreign king
what was king johns nickname?
lackland and softsword
what was medieval society built up on?
the feudal system
what is the feudal system?
land holding and distribution in which the land is paid for by performing services and work for the owners
why is there many negative reports and accounts of king john?
only the educated monks and barons could write down their feelings during the Middle Ages and John frequently got in conflict with them
under whos leadership did the barons put an army together?
robert fitzwalter
on what date did the barons meet king john to negotiate the best way the country should be governed?
15th june 1215
where did the barons meet on 15th june 1215 with king john?
runnymeade
what was signed on 15th june 1215?
the magna carta
what does the magna carta translate to in english?
great charter
how many promises did the magna carta consist of that the barons wanted king john to keep?
63
magna carta: barons heir?
a barons heir shall inherit his lands on payment of £100 to the king
magna carta: scutage?
no scutage shall be imposed on the barons except with the common counsel of the realm
magna carta: freemen?
no freemen shall be arrested or imprisoned without a proper trial and according to the law of the land
magna carta: english church?
the english church shall be free to make its own appointments
magna carta: merchants?
all merchants shall have safety in staying and travelling in england, for buying and selling goods and free from evil tolls
what was a merchant?
a person that buys and sells goods
what was clause 61 of magna carta?
a group of 25 barons will be created to monitor the king and ensure he commits to magna carta
why was the magna carta not very important to all of the people of england at the time?
it only referred to freemen such as barons
peasants and villeins were not free
the barons were only looking out for their own interests and only included the church and merchants because they have to get more support against john
magna carta only changed things for what kind of people?
only the politically powerful
how did magna carta become more significant as the years passed?
it applied to more people as they began to gain their freedom
the magna carta is one of the first major steps in britains journey to becoming what?
one of the worlds best-known democracies
what did the pope do in august 1215?
the pope said the magna carta was invalid as he was forced to sign it
john had the support of the pope but the barons had support from who?
the french whos king was ready to fight john
the barons took control of what city and requested support from what country?
london and they requested support from france so the french king sent some knights to help secure london
where was john while the barons were in london?
dover
where is rochester castle?
it lies between dover and london
when did johns men arrive with 5 siege engines, consisting of catapults and trebuchets?
october 1215
in october 2015 john and his men were prepared with what weapons?
5 siege engines, consisting of catapults and trebuchets
what date did the siege of rochester end?
30th november 1215
what happened in may 1216?
-when he was in kent, the french prince louis arrived with troops
-the barons called for him and promised him the english throne
john fled to southwest england
-louis with support from the barons took control of most of england by capturing strategic towns and castles
the barons had the support of a foreign power so they could defeat john
what date was prince louis announced king?
2nd june 1216
where was prince louis announced king?
st pauls cathedral
when did king john die?
october 1216
once king john died who did the barons crown king?
johns young son- henry III
what is a regent?
a person who acts as an advisor to a monarch if they are very young- this person can hold great influence
who was henry III’s regent?
the earl of pembroke
what date did henry III become king?
28th october 1216
what year was a parliament that represented people other than the barons established?
1295
during whos reign was a parliament that represented people other than the barons established?
edward I