Part I: Immunology Flashcards
Non-specific / Innate Immunity
- Pre-existing defenses
- Defenses that provide fast, local response to invader
Example: layers of the skin
Specific or adaptive immunity
Response to specific immune stimulus, so antigen-dependent
What type of granulocyte is activated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Neutrophil
Neutrophils are rapidly migrated ____
Phagocytic cells
What kind of granulocyte is a histamine that is triggered by IgE in allergic reaction?
Basophils
Note: mast cells are similar but only found in tissue
What kind of granulocyte is involved in destruction of parasites?
Eosinophils
What kind of granulocyte circulates in the blood, migrates into tissue and develops into macrophage or dendritic cell?
Monocytes
Note: dendritic cell and macrophages are further classifications of monocytes
Primary function of macrophages:
Phagocytosis and
Antigen presentation
Stimulation of macrophage is a result of
Presence of microbe
Acute Inflammation
T-lymphocytes
Function of the dendritic cell is to be involved in
Adaptive immune response, antigen presentation
What type of lymphocyte is matured and differentiated in the thymus?
T lymphocytes
Note: these live a long time
What type of T lymphocytes coordinates the immune response and sends signals to B cells?
T helper cells
What type of T lymphocyte is responsible for destroying infected cells?
T cytotoxic cells
Note: almost redundant with Natural Killer cells, another type of lymphocyte
What type of T lymphocyte suppresses the immune response and modulates immune system function?
T regulatory cell
Where are B lymphocytes differentiated?
Fetal liver and bone marrow
What role do plasma cells play with B lymphocytes?
They are responsible for antibody production differentiate from B lymphocytes
What type of B lymphocytes are formed specific to antigens encountered during the primary immune response, are able to live a long time and responds quickly when exposed a 2nd time to the antigen for which they are specific?
Memory B cells
What type of lymphocyte is not phagocytic but are cytotoxic (they weaken cells by creating holes in cell membrane)?
Natural Killer cells
What cell attacks cells that have been infected by microbes by not the microbes themselves?
Natural Killer cells
Do natural killer cells need contact with antigen?
No, so they are part of the innate immune system
Activity of and communication between WBC is mediated by chemical messengers called
Cytokines
What are the 3 functions of cytokines?
- Induce other cells in immune system
- Stimulate both antigen dependent and independent cells (natural killer cells)
- Induce chemotaxis and diapedesis (movement of WBC from blood to tissue)
What are the 3 types of cytokines?
Interleukins
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Interferons
What do interleukins do?
Communication between white cells
What do tumor necrosis factor (TNF) do?
Attack tumor cells
What do interferons do?
Interfere with the virus making a copy of itself
Activates T-cells, macrophages, neutrophils, antibody production
