Part I: Immunology

Question 1

Non-specific / Innate Immunity

Answer 1

1. Pre-existing defenses
2. Defenses that provide fast, local response to invader

Example: layers of the skin

Question 2

Specific or adaptive immunity

Answer 2

Response to specific immune stimulus, so antigen-dependent

Question 3

What type of granulocyte is activated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer 3

Neutrophil

Question 4

Neutrophils are rapidly migrated ____

Answer 4

Phagocytic cells

Question 5

What kind of granulocyte is a histamine that is triggered by IgE in allergic reaction?

Answer 5

Basophils

Note: mast cells are similar but only found in tissue

Question 6

What kind of granulocyte is involved in destruction of parasites?

Answer 6

Eosinophils

Question 7

What kind of granulocyte circulates in the blood, migrates into tissue and develops into macrophage or dendritic cell?

Answer 7

Monocytes

Note: dendritic cell and macrophages are further classifications of monocytes

Question 8

Primary function of macrophages:

Answer 8

Phagocytosis and

Antigen presentation

Question 9

Stimulation of macrophage is a result of

Answer 9

Presence of microbe
Acute Inflammation
T-lymphocytes

Question 10

Function of the dendritic cell is to be involved in

Answer 10

Adaptive immune response, antigen presentation

Question 11

What type of lymphocyte is matured and differentiated in the thymus?

Answer 11

T lymphocytes

Note: these live a long time

Question 12

What type of T lymphocytes coordinates the immune response and sends signals to B cells?

Answer 12

T helper cells

Question 13

What type of T lymphocyte is responsible for destroying infected cells?

Answer 13

T cytotoxic cells

Note: almost redundant with Natural Killer cells, another type of lymphocyte

Question 14

What type of T lymphocyte suppresses the immune response and modulates immune system function?

Answer 14

T regulatory cell

Question 15

Where are B lymphocytes differentiated?

Answer 15

Fetal liver and bone marrow

Question 16

What role do plasma cells play with B lymphocytes?

Answer 16

They are responsible for antibody production differentiate from B lymphocytes

Question 17

What type of B lymphocytes are formed specific to antigens encountered during the primary immune response, are able to live a long time and responds quickly when exposed a 2nd time to the antigen for which they are specific?

Answer 17

Memory B cells

Question 18

What type of lymphocyte is not phagocytic but are cytotoxic (they weaken cells by creating holes in cell membrane)?

Answer 18

Natural Killer cells

Question 19

What cell attacks cells that have been infected by microbes by not the microbes themselves?

Answer 19

Natural Killer cells

Question 20

Do natural killer cells need contact with antigen?

Answer 20

No, so they are part of the innate immune system

Question 21

Activity of and communication between WBC is mediated by chemical messengers called

Answer 21

Cytokines

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of cytokines?

Answer 22

1. Induce other cells in immune system
2. Stimulate both antigen dependent and independent cells (natural killer cells)
3. Induce chemotaxis and diapedesis (movement of WBC from blood to tissue)

Question 23

What are the 3 types of cytokines?

Answer 23

Interleukins
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Interferons

Question 24

What do interleukins do?

Answer 24

Communication between white cells

Question 25

What do tumor necrosis factor (TNF) do?

Answer 25

Attack tumor cells

Question 26

What do interferons do?

Answer 26

Interfere with the virus making a copy of itself

Activates T-cells, macrophages, neutrophils, antibody production