Exam 2 — Origins, History, World Health Flashcards
Epidemic vs. endemic (persons name)
Hippocrates
Attempt to care for poor in 17th century England
Elizabethan Poor Act
Bills of Mortality (person’s name)
John Graunt
First vital statistics ever compiled (name of the statistical report)
Bills of Mortality
Recording the birth and death of individuals within a government’s jurisdiction
Vital statistics
Workhouse reforms were called for by 2 parties (1. person’s name and 2. book)
Edwin Chadwik, also Dickens “Oliver Twist”
How was Florence Nightingale influential
Rise of nursing and famous for work in Crimean War
______ disease radically affected native populations of U.S.
Epidemic
Most well-known epidemic disease that affected native populations of U.S.
Smallpox
What was associated with urbanization and immigration?
Epidemics in early America
What 4 immigration patterns influenced the U.S. after the Civil War?
- Immigration from Europe increased
- African Americans moved north
- Asian immigration
- westward Expansion
First response to public health at the local level?
State agencies
U.S. Public Health Service
Marine Hospital Service to care for merchant seaman
What did the social security act try do?
Overcome depression hardships by providing money to poor, elderly, disabled, unemployed
What was a response to the Great Depression?
Social Security Act of 1935
Harry Truman asked congress for a national health plan. Lyndon Johnson signed two programs into law:
Medicare
Medicaid
What are 7 problems that affect developing countries and have an impact on the health of citizens?
- agricultural underdevelopment
- poverty
- malnutrition
- parasitic infection
- social injustice, social hierarchy
- suppression of women
- racism, religious intolerance
Established in 1948 as an agency of the United Nations and has regional centers on every continent
World Health Organization (WHO)
What organization believes health is a basic human right
World Health Organization (WHO)
What organization has a goal to improve health and living standards in the Americas?
Pan American Health Organization
What organization became a regional office of WHO yet retains own identity and mission?
Pan American Health Organization
What organization’s mission is to protect the rights of children?
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) includes 4 things:
- Food and supplies
- Disease control
- Family planning
- Child development
What government organization is responsible for most non-military foreign aid?
Agency for International Development (USAID)
What is the largest health program in the world?
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Michael leaving is the Secretary for what organization?
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
The U.S. Public Health Service is part of what organization?
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
U.S. Public Health Service commissioned corps under the leadership of who?
Surgeon General
Largest health program worldwide?
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Name the 4 orgs within DHHS
- USPHS (U.S. Public Health Service)
- FDA (Food and Drug Admin)
- CDC (Centers for Disease Control)
- NIH (National Institutes for Health)
What is Primary health care?
essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology that was made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community
8 Essential components of primary care:
- education
- promotion of food supply and nutrition
- safe water, basic sanitation
- maternal and child health care
- immunization
- prevention of endemic disease
- treatment of common disease
- provision of drugs
Science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans
Healthy People 2020
Largest organization of public health care workers world wide?
American Public Health Association
When did the American Public Health Association add a section for chiropractic health care?
1995
What are some achievements of the American Public Health Association?
- Control of infectious disease
- Impact of vaccinations
- Motor vehicle safety
- Workplace safety
- Decrease in CHD death
- Safer food
- Healthier moms and kids
- Family planning
- Tobacco
- Fluoride for teeth
Classic experiment using cowpox to protect against smallpox (person’s name)
Edward Jenner
Who made the observation that outbreak of cholera was linked to public water pump?
John Snow
How did John Snow end the cholera outbreak?
Removing the pump handle to the public water pump
