Exam 3 Antibiotics Flashcards
What antibiotics are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
- PCN
- cephalosporins
- Bacitracin
- vancomycin
- isoniazid
What antibiotics have beta-lactam structure?
Penicillin and cephalosporin
What kind of bacteria are resistant to penicillin and cephalospotrin?
Bacteria that produce beta-lactamase are resistant because they can break down antibiotics with beta-lactam structure
What antibiotic and its derivatives are grouped into “generations” by their antimicrobial properties?
Cephalosporins
What antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis is toxic to the kidneys and therefore only used topically?
Bacitracin
What antibiotic that inhibits cell wall synthesis is was initially used to fight Staph Aureus, but due to being quite toxic (kidney damage, nerve deafness, skin rashes) is is now used to treat systemic infections?
Vancomycin
What antibiotic inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids in cell walls of mycobacteria only?
Isoniazid
What antibiotics inhibit cell membrane synthesis?
Polymyxin B and E
- quite toxic and only used topically
How does Polymyxin disrupt cell membrane function?
By replacing magnesium and calcium from membrane lipids
What antibiotics inhibit proteins synthesis?
- streptomycin
- tetracycline
- cholamphenicol
- erythromycin
All antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis are considered _____ and _____.
- broad spectrum
- bacteriostatic
What antibiotic is often used in conjunction with penicillin to treat strep?
Streptomycin
What antibiotic can cause photosensitivity, renal toxicity, and stains teeth particularly in young children?
Tetracycline
What antibiotic can be toxic and cause aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenical
What antibiotic is often given to those with a PCN allergy?
Erythromycin, has mild toxicity
What antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
- rifampin
- quinolones
What antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis is used to treat TB (in combination with others)?
Rifampin
What is an example of a quinolone antibiotic?
Cipro
How do quinolones inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
By inhibiting DNA replication and therefore kill the bacteria (bacteriocidal
What antibiotic is an anti metabolite?
Sulfa because it inhibits folic acid synthesis
Sulfa drugs are considered _____ and ______.
Wide spectrum, bacteriostatic
What antibiotics can fight Protozoa infections?
Sulfa drugs
What type of drugs are used to fight leprosy
Sulfa drugs
