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Year 3 random facts to know > Part 7 > Flashcards

Part 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Dopaminergic Pathways?

A

MiLcTINS
Nigrostriatal: extrapyramidal motor system

Tuberoinfundibular: prolactin release inhibition

Mesolimbic: rewards

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2
Q

What comprises the mesolimbic pathway?

A

Ventral Tegmental Area – Nucleus Accumbens (dopamine)

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3
Q

what is a signet ring cell carcinoma

A

highly malignant adenocarcinoma

stomach, breast, gallbladder, pancreas

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4
Q

Different serotypes of Chlamydia

A

Serovars
A-C - trachoma - blindness
D-K - genitals
L1-3 - LGV

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5
Q

Epidural injection affects what?

A

Nerve roots

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6
Q

refers to a solitary, abnormal belief that is neither delusional nor obsessional in nature, but which is preoccupying to the extent of dominating the sufferer’s life.

A

Overvalued idea

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7
Q

found a mass that needs to be removed during another surgery – can you proceed?

A

No - need consent

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8
Q

greatest risk factor for Schizophrenia ?

A

having a first degree relative

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9
Q

Side effects of methotrexate

A

fever, headache, nausea, vomiting
skin rash/sun sensitivity
Mouth ulcers, sore gums, sore throat

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10
Q

side effects of prednisolone

A 
N+V, Headache, Dizziness, Weight gain
Cushing's
Osteoperosis 
Hirsutism
Hypertension
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11
Q

genetics of MS

A

HLA DRB1 (1st degree relative = 15x risk)

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12
Q

how does optic neuritis present?

A

Retro orbital pain on movement of eye

progressing to rapid vision loss (days to a week)

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13
Q

Presentation + Degrees of uterine prolapse

A

Dragging, Lump, Incontinence

1st degree (cervix remains in vagina), 
2nd degree (at vaginal orifice), 
3rd degree (outside vagina), uterine procidentia (entirely outside vagina)
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14
Q

Surgery for prolapse

A

Sacrospinous fixation

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15
Q

Causes of Hypothalamic dysfunction –> low GnRH, low FSH/LH, low oestrogen/progesterone

A

Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (anorexia, high stress levels, chronic illness, alcohol abuse, prolonged exercise)

Kallmann’s + anosmia

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16
Q

Causes of pituitary dysfunction –> High GnRH, low FSH/LH, low oestrogen

A

Sheehan’s (post PPH)

Hyperprolactinaemia - drugs (dopamine antagonists) + micro/macro prolactinoma.

Ix = Serum prolactin, MRI, med review

Tx = dopamine agonists (cabergoline), surgery for tumour

17
Q

What is a primary cause of painful periods (dysmenorhhea)? + Tx?

A

increased endometrial prostaglandins

Mefanamic acid

18
Q

Tx for menorrhagia?

A

1st line = Mirena IUS
2nd line = Tranexamic acid
3rd line = IM progestogens

19
Q

Histology of Vagina to cervix

A

Ectocervix (squamous cells)
Transition Zone
Endocervix (columnar glandular epithelium

20
Q

what may present with clear, non smelling vaginal discharge?

A

Cervical ectropion

21
Q

How do cervical smears detect cancer?

A

Smear cells are taken from the transition zone and cells are sent for cytology: Cytological diagnosis is based on dyskaryosis- change in appearance of cells- nuclear abnormalities, enlargement, hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear membrane

22
Q

Treatments for types of CIN

A

CIN 1 = basal 1/3rd (biopsy in 6 months)

CIN2 or 3 = LLETZ (large loop excision of transformation zone)

23
Q

Which drug can typically be used to treat painful periods?

And which drug is used for large haemorrhage or heavy periods?

A

Mefenamic acid for painful periods (NSAID)

Tranexamic acid for big bleeds (antifibrinolytic)

24
Q

Txfor paracetamol overdose

A

N-acetyl cysteine

25
Q

Triad of wernicke’s (thiamine deficiency)

A

confusion
Ataxia
Ophthalmoplegia

26
Q

2 main groups of endometrial carcinoma

A

Endometroid - good prognosis - oestrogen driven

Serous Carcinoma - TP53 mutation, aggressive, BAD prognosis

27
Q

what might present with a benign ovarian tumour, ascites and pleural effusion?

A

Meig’s Syndrome

Year 3 random facts to know (18 decks)

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