Part 6 Flashcards
the number of moles of solute per liter of solution …is what?
molarity
the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent …defines what?
molality
a positive delta H means what?
rxn is endothermic (heat goes on the reactants side)
a negative delta H means what?
the rxn is exothermic (heat goes on the products side)
what does it mean when E0 is negative?
reaction is NOT spontaneous
what is a rxn said to be when a positive E0, -deltaG, and K>1 are observed?
spontaneous!
a spontaneous rxn has what?
+E0
-deltaG
K>1
& goes to completion by at least 50%
which elements are known to form complex ions, form colored compounds, have varying oxidation numbers ?
transition metals
elements beyond the second row are capable of what regarding the octet rule?
expand their octets to include more than 8 electrons by incorporating d-orbitals
which type of bonding forms crystal lattices?
ionic bonding
which are the only elements that the octet rule always applies to STRICTLY?
CNOF
a covalent bond can either be..?
polar or nonpolar
what makes a molecule polar?
covalent bond where there is a difference in EN and the the e- are pulled towards more EN element, resulting in a dipole moment
when is a molecule nonpolar?
covalent bonding between atoms with same EN values (diatomic molecules) AND ALSO when dipoles cancel each other out …
what is a coordinate covalent bond?
the shared e- pair comes from the lone pair of one of the bonding molecules
