Part 12 Flashcards
what is a polyvalent acid/base?
a species that liberates more than one acid or base equivalent per mole
what are some common polyvalent acids?
H2SO4, H3PO4, and H2CO3
be careful with dilution” problems …use normality instead of just molarity!”
are species that can act as either oxidizing or reducing agents considered to be amphoteric?
yes; they can either accept or donate a proton.
what is titration?
procedure used to determine the molarity of an acid or base
during titration, when is the equivalence point said to have been reached?
when the number of acid equivalents equals the number of base equivalents.
what are typically used as indicators during titration?
weak organic acids or bases that have different colors in their undissociated and dissociated states.
in a titration, is the end point and equivalence point the same thing?
NO! the end point is the term used to describe when the color of the indicator changes… However, in a good titration, they will be very close!
what is the pH of the equivalence point of a strong base- strong acid titration?
7
what are the two types of electrochemical cells?
galvanic and electrolytic
galvanic AKA voltaic
in which electrochemical cell do spontaneous reactions occur?
galvanic / voltaic cell
in which electrochemical cell do nonspontaneous reactions occur?
electrolytic cell
where do oxidation and reduction occur within an electrochemical cell?
electrodes
for all electrochemical cells, the electrode at which oxidation occurs is called what?
the anode
for all electrochemical cells, the electrode at which reduction occurs is called what?
cathode
a redox reaction occurring in a galvanic cell has a -/+ delta G?
negative = spontaneous
