Part 2

Question 1

what is electronegativity?

Answer 1

measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond

Question 2

what is Zeff (effective nuclear charge)?

Answer 2

the attractive pull of the nucleus for electrons

Question 3

what type of bond is likely between a group 1 or 2 element and a group 7 element?

Answer 3

ionic bond

Question 4

what type of bonding is characterized by high melting and boiling point due to strong electrostatic forces between ions?

Answer 4

ionic bond

Question 5

what type of bond is most likely to occur between elements with similar electronegativities ?

Answer 5

covalent bond

Question 6

what type of bond is most likely between elements with a difference in EN greater than 1.7?

Answer 6

ionic bond

Question 7

which bonding involves a transfer of electrons?

Answer 7

ionic

Question 8

what type of bonding involves sharing of electrons?

Answer 8

covalent

Question 9

which bond contains weak intermolecular forces?

Answer 9

covalent

Question 10

bond length and bond energy characterize what type of bond?

Answer 10

covalent

Question 11

which is the shortest covalent bond; a triple bond, double bond or single bond?

Answer 11

triple bond is shortest

Question 12

which is the strongest covalent bond; triple, double, single?

Answer 12

triple; bond strength increases as the number of shared electrons increases

Question 13

what is the formula for formal charge?

Answer 13

f.c. = # valence electrons - 1/2(# electrons shared) - # electrons owned

Question 14

what are resonance structures?

Answer 14

two or more different lewis structures for same molecule

Question 15

what is a resonance hybrid?

Answer 15

the hybrid representation of multiple resonance structures combined into the real” structure”

Question 16

is a lewis structure with larger or smaller formal charges preferred?

Answer 16

smaller = better

Question 17

in lewis structures, where is a negative formal charge most stable?

Answer 17

on the more EN element.

Question 18

what determines if a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?

Answer 18

the difference in electronegativities between atoms

Question 19

under what circumstances do polar covalent bonds exist?

Answer 19

between atoms with small differences in EN values

Question 20

what is a dipole moment?

Answer 20

in polar covalent bonds, the more EN element is delta- and the less EN is delta+ ; forming a dipole moment

Question 21

in a dipole moment what direction does the vector arrow point?

Answer 21

from positive to negative