Part 6

Question 1

At birth, there is increased blood flow through the?

Answer 1

Lungs and Liver

Question 2

At birth, pulmonary vascular resistance?

Answer 2

Decreases

Question 3

At birth there is loss of blood flow through the?

Answer 3

Placenta

Question 4

Loss of blood flow through the placenta doubles the?

Answer 4

Systemic Vascular Resistance

Question 5

At birth, there is closure of?

Answer 5

Foramen Ovale
Ductus Arteriosis
Ductus Venosus

Question 6

Closure of foramen ovale is due to reversal of pressure gradient between?

Answer 6

R and L atrium

Question 7

Reversal of flow from aorta to pulmonary artery, and increased oxygen levels cause constriction of smooth muscle causes closure of?

Answer 7

Ductus Arteriosis

Question 8

It’s unknown why ductus venosus closes, but it allows portal blood to?

Answer 8

Perfuse Liver Sinuses

Question 9

In fetal circulation, the R and L ventricle pump in parallel into the?

Answer 9

Aorta

Question 10

In fetal circulation there is very little?

Answer 10

Pulmonary Blood Flow

Question 11

In fetal circulation there is low pressure in the aorta due to low TPR because of?

Answer 11

Placenta-Umbillical Arteries

Question 12

In fetal circulation, blood returning from the placenta via the umbilical veins bypass liver and flow directly into?

Answer 12

IVC via Ductus Venosus

Question 13

In a fetus there exists 2 right to left shunts for blood to bypass?

Answer 13

Lungs

Question 14

Foramen ovale shunts most blood returning to the heart from the?

Answer 14

IVC to the L atrium

Question 15

Ductus Arteriosis shunts most blood returning to the heart from the?

Answer 15

SVC to the Aorta

Question 16

What’s the greatest stress on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

Exercise

Question 17

Sympathetic nervous system orchestrates many of the changes associated with?

Answer 17

Exercise

Question 18

With exercise what in increase 5-6 fold?

Answer 18

Cardiac Output

Question 19

During exercise, blood flow is shifted primarily from organs to?

Answer 19

Active skeletal muscle

Question 20

During exercise there is cerebral cortical activation of the?

Answer 20

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 21

The SNS will cause vasoconstriction of arterioles to decrease?

Answer 21

Flow to non active tissues (viscera)

Question 22

The SNS will cause vasoconstriction of veins to increase MCFP which increases?

Answer 22

Venous Return

Question 23

The SNS will stimulate the heart by increasing HR and SV which ultimately increases?

Answer 23

Cardiac Output

Question 24

During exercise TPR decreases due to?

Answer 24

Vasodilation in active muscle

Question 25

During exercise increase O2 uptake decreases VO2 which increases?

Answer 25

AVO2 Difference

Question 26

SNS stimulation is due to?

Answer 26

Cerebral Cortex Stimulation

Question 27

Reflex signals from active joint proprioceptors and muscles as well as local chemoreceptor signals originating in the active muscle will stimulate?

Answer 27

SNS

Question 28

SNS will induce local metabolic vasodilation at the?

Answer 28

Heart

Question 29

SNS stimulation of pre-capillary resistance vessels decreases?

Answer 29

Blood Flow

Question 30

SNS stimulation of veins causes constriction which mobilizes blood out of veins and increases?

Answer 30

Venous Return

Question 31

SNS stimulation of vascular smooth muscle in walls of arteries help maintain?

Answer 31

Slightly increased BP during exercise

Question 32

SNS indirectly induces local vasodilation of the heart by?

Answer 32

Increasing cardiac muscle contractibility | Promoting the release of local vasodilators

Question 33

SNS stimulation in the brain induces a weak constrictor response that?

Answer 33

Doesn't limit blood flow

Question 34

SNS stimulation in the lungs induces a mild vasoconstriction that?

Answer 34

Doesn't limit blood flow

Question 35

During exercise increased systolic BP is due to increased cardiac output which ?

Answer 35

Decreases TPR

Question 36

During exercise increased diastolic BP is only?

Answer 36

Slightly

Question 37

During exercise pulse pressure is?

Answer 37

Increased

Question 38

SNS constricts veins when there is an increase venous return during?

Answer 38

Exercise

Question 39

Intermittent skeletal muscle activity coupled with | one way valves in veins is known as?

Answer 39

Venous Pump

Question 40

Venous pump primarily occurs in?

Answer 40

Lower Extremities

Question 41

Increased venous return during exercise will increase?

Answer 41

Frequency & Depth of respiration

Question 42

Increased frequency & depth of respiration will increase?

Answer 42

Cyclic negative thoracic pressure

Question 43

Increased blood flow to the active muscle is NOT mediated by the SNS but by the local release of tissue metabolites in response to?

Answer 43

Increase in metabolism

Question 44

What are local vasodilators?

Answer 44

``` Adenosine CO2 K+ Histamine Lactic acid ```

Question 45

Resting cardiac output is?

Answer 45

5.9 L/min

Question 46

Blood flow during exercise is?

Answer 46

24 L/min

Question 47

During exercise what is decreased?

Answer 47

TPR | SV increases to a point and then may decrease

Question 48

The maximum volume of oxygen that one can take up from the lungs and deliver to the tissues/minute is?

Answer 48

VO2 Maximum

Question 49

What can range from 1.5 L/min in a cardiac patient to 3.0 L/min in a sedentary man to 6.0 L/min or greater in an endurance athlete?

Answer 49

VO2 Max

Question 50

VO2 max is the function of?

Answer 50

CO and AVO2 difference

Question 51

``` If energy (E) demands of exercise cannot be met by oxidative phosphorylation what happens? ```

Answer 51

O2 debt occurs

Question 52

After completion of exercise, respiration remains | elevated to repay the O2 debt of about?

Answer 52

11.5 L

Question 53

Extra O2 is used to?

Answer 53

Restore metabolite levels | Metabolize lactate generated by glycolysis

Question 54

E consumed during exercise – that E supplied by oxidative metabolism is equal to?

Answer 54

O2 Debt

Question 55

The phosphocreatine-creatine system uses what?

Answer 55

ATP | Creatine Phosphate

Question 56

The phosphocreatine-creatine system occurs during exercise when?

Answer 56

8-10 seconds after starting exercise

Question 57

The glycogen-lactic acid system uses what?

Answer 57

Glycolysis

Question 58

The glycogen-lactic acid system occurs during exercise when?

Answer 58

1.3-1.6 min after starting exercise

Question 59

During glycolysis, glycogen is spilt into glucose which makes 2 pyruvate which is used as?

Answer 59

Energy

Question 60

The aerobic system is unlimited with?

Answer 60

O2 and Nutrients

Question 61

The aerobic system oxidizes fatty acids which produces?

Answer 61

Energy

Question 62

The aerobic system occurs in the?

Answer 62

Mitochondria with sufficient O2