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Physiology 3 Exam 2 > Part 6 > Flashcards

Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

At birth, there is increased blood flow through the?

A

Lungs and Liver

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2
Q

At birth, pulmonary vascular resistance?

A

Decreases

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3
Q

At birth there is loss of blood flow through the?

A

Placenta

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4
Q

Loss of blood flow through the placenta doubles the?

A

Systemic Vascular Resistance

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5
Q

At birth, there is closure of?

A

Foramen Ovale
Ductus Arteriosis
Ductus Venosus

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6
Q

Closure of foramen ovale is due to reversal of pressure gradient between?

A

R and L atrium

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7
Q

Reversal of flow from aorta to pulmonary artery, and increased oxygen levels cause constriction of smooth muscle causes closure of?

A

Ductus Arteriosis

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8
Q

It’s unknown why ductus venosus closes, but it allows portal blood to?

A

Perfuse Liver Sinuses

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9
Q

In fetal circulation, the R and L ventricle pump in parallel into the?

A

Aorta

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10
Q

In fetal circulation there is very little?

A

Pulmonary Blood Flow

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11
Q

In fetal circulation there is low pressure in the aorta due to low TPR because of?

A

Placenta-Umbillical Arteries

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12
Q

In fetal circulation, blood returning from the placenta via the umbilical veins bypass liver and flow directly into?

A

IVC via Ductus Venosus

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13
Q

In a fetus there exists 2 right to left shunts for blood to bypass?

A

Lungs

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14
Q

Foramen ovale shunts most blood returning to the heart from the?

A

IVC to the L atrium

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15
Q

Ductus Arteriosis shunts most blood returning to the heart from the?

A

SVC to the Aorta

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16
Q

What’s the greatest stress on the cardiovascular system?

A

Exercise

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17
Q

Sympathetic nervous system orchestrates many of the changes associated with?

A

Exercise

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18
Q

With exercise what in increase 5-6 fold?

A

Cardiac Output

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19
Q

During exercise, blood flow is shifted primarily from organs to?

A

Active skeletal muscle

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20
Q

During exercise there is cerebral cortical activation of the?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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21
Q

The SNS will cause vasoconstriction of arterioles to decrease?

A

Flow to non active tissues (viscera)

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22
Q

The SNS will cause vasoconstriction of veins to increase MCFP which increases?

A

Venous Return

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23
Q

The SNS will stimulate the heart by increasing HR and SV which ultimately increases?

A

Cardiac Output

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24
Q

During exercise TPR decreases due to?

A

Vasodilation in active muscle

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25
Q

During exercise increase O2 uptake decreases VO2 which increases?

A

AVO2 Difference

26
Q

SNS stimulation is due to?

A

Cerebral Cortex Stimulation

27
Q

Reflex signals from active joint proprioceptors and muscles as well as local chemoreceptor signals originating in the active muscle will stimulate?

A

SNS

28
Q

SNS will induce local metabolic vasodilation at the?

A

Heart

29
Q

SNS stimulation of pre-capillary resistance vessels decreases?

A

Blood Flow

30
Q

SNS stimulation of veins causes constriction which mobilizes blood out of veins and increases?

A

Venous Return

31
Q

SNS stimulation of vascular smooth muscle in walls of arteries help maintain?

A

Slightly increased BP during exercise

32
Q

SNS indirectly induces local vasodilation of the heart by?

A

Increasing cardiac muscle contractibility

Promoting the release of local vasodilators

33
Q

SNS stimulation in the brain induces a weak constrictor response that?

A

Doesn’t limit blood flow

34
Q

SNS stimulation in the lungs induces a mild vasoconstriction that?

A

Doesn’t limit blood flow

35
Q

During exercise increased systolic BP is due to increased cardiac output which ?

A

Decreases TPR

36
Q

During exercise increased diastolic BP is only?

A

Slightly

37
Q

During exercise pulse pressure is?

A

Increased

38
Q

SNS constricts veins when there is an increase venous return during?

A

Exercise

39
Q

Intermittent skeletal muscle activity coupled with

one way valves in veins is known as?

A

Venous Pump

40
Q

Venous pump primarily occurs in?

A

Lower Extremities

41
Q

Increased venous return during exercise will increase?

A

Frequency & Depth of respiration

42
Q

Increased frequency & depth of respiration will increase?

A

Cyclic negative thoracic pressure

43
Q

Increased blood flow to the active muscle is NOT mediated by the SNS but by the local release of tissue metabolites in response to?

A

Increase in metabolism

44
Q

What are local vasodilators?

A 
Adenosine 
CO2
K+
Histamine 
Lactic acid
45
Q

Resting cardiac output is?

A

5.9 L/min

46
Q

Blood flow during exercise is?

A

24 L/min

47
Q

During exercise what is decreased?

A

TPR

SV increases to a point and then may decrease

48
Q

The maximum volume of oxygen that one can take up from the lungs and deliver to the tissues/minute is?

A

VO2 Maximum

49
Q

What can range from 1.5 L/min in a cardiac patient to 3.0 L/min in a sedentary man to 6.0 L/min or greater in an endurance athlete?

A

VO2 Max

50
Q

VO2 max is the function of?

A

CO and AVO2 difference

51
Q 
If energy (E) demands of exercise cannot be met
by oxidative phosphorylation what happens?
A

O2 debt occurs

52
Q

After completion of exercise, respiration remains

elevated to repay the O2 debt of about?

A

11.5 L

53
Q

Extra O2 is used to?

A

Restore metabolite levels

Metabolize lactate generated by glycolysis

54
Q

E consumed during exercise – that E supplied by oxidative metabolism is equal to?

A

O2 Debt

55
Q

The phosphocreatine-creatine system uses what?

A

ATP

Creatine Phosphate

56
Q

The phosphocreatine-creatine system occurs during exercise when?

A

8-10 seconds after starting exercise

57
Q

The glycogen-lactic acid system uses what?

A

Glycolysis

58
Q

The glycogen-lactic acid system occurs during exercise when?

A

1.3-1.6 min after starting exercise

59
Q

During glycolysis, glycogen is spilt into glucose which makes 2 pyruvate which is used as?

A

Energy

60
Q

The aerobic system is unlimited with?

A

O2 and Nutrients

61
Q

The aerobic system oxidizes fatty acids which produces?

A

Energy

62
Q

The aerobic system occurs in the?

A

Mitochondria with sufficient O2

Physiology 3 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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