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Physiology 3 Exam 2 > Part 5 > Flashcards

Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial pressure controls?

A

Renal-body fluid system

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2
Q

In the renal-body fluid system, increased ECF will cause?

A

Arterial pressure to rise

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3
Q

Renal-body fluid system, in response to kidneys will?

A

Excrete excess ECF

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4
Q

The degree of shift of the renal output curve for water and salt is known as?

A

Determinants of long term arterial pressure

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5
Q

Increased total peripheral resistance will not create a long term elevation of of BP if?

A

Fluid intake and renal function don’t change

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6
Q

In the kidney, afferent arterioles supply the glomerular capillaries where?

A

Filtration takes place

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7
Q

Efferent arterioles drain the glomerular capillaries which give rise to peritubular capillaries where?

A

Reabsorption takes place

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8
Q

Specialized peritubular capillaries associated with juxtamedullary nephron’s is called?

A

Vasa Recti

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9
Q

When the ECF levels rise, the arterial pressure?

A

Rises

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10
Q

The kidneys excrete more fluid, thus bringing the pressure?

A

Back to normal

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11
Q

Acute renal output curves have the effect of?

A

Arterial pressure alone

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12
Q

Chronic renal output curves have the effect of arterial pressure plus?

A 
SNS +
Renin-angiotensin system
Aldosterone
ADH
ANP
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13
Q

What hormones decrease renal blood flow?

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Angiotensin II

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14
Q

What hormones increase renal blood flow?

A

Prostaglandins E and I

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15
Q

What monitors NaCl in the macula densa of the distal tubule?

A

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

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16
Q

Decreased NaCl in the macula densa will cause renin to be released from?

A

Juxtaglomerular Cells

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17
Q

Increased renin will increase angiotensin II levels which will increase?

A

Efferent Arteriole resistance

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18
Q

Decrease NaCl in the macula densa also causes?

A

Dilation of afferent arteriole

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19
Q

The renin-angiotension-aldosterone system provides the source of?

A

Renin

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20
Q

What synthesizes, stores and releases renin?

A

Smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles

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21
Q

Renin is stimulated by?

A

Decreased perfusion pressure
SNS
Decreased NaCl to macula densa (distal tubule)
Hormonal Stimulation

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22
Q

What hormones stimulate renin?

A

Thyroid Hormone

Growth Hormone

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23
Q

Renin is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of?

A

Angiotensin I (10 AA) from Angiotensinogen (liver)

24
Q

What occurs primarily in the lung via angiotensin converting enzyme associated with pulmonary endothelium?

A

Angiotensin 1 –> Angiotensin II

25
Q

What are the functions of angiotensin II?

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone
Stimulates release of ADH/Vasopressin
Stimulates kidney

26
Q

The net effect of the functions of angiotensin II is?

A

decrease Na+ and H2O which increase BP

27
Q

Angiotensin II will also stimulate thirst/drinking behavior at the level of the?

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

When you tie off one renal artery you can develop?

A

Systemic Hypertension

29
Q

Systemic hypertension elevates?

A

Renin and Angiotensin II

30
Q

When you tie off one renal artery you don’t develop?

A

Uremia

31
Q

When you tie off one renal artery and remove kidney you don’t develop?

A

Hypertension or Uremia

32
Q

When you tie off one renal artery and remove both kidney’s you develop both?

A

Hypertension and Uremia

33
Q

Hypertension generated by tying off a renal artery is called?

A

Goldbaltt Hypertensive Model

34
Q

In one kidney variety, what is initially high?

A

Renin

35
Q

In the two kidney model, the renin from the constricted kidney causes?

A

Fluid retention of the good kidney

36
Q

Slow breathing (6/min) will increase?

A

Arterial baroreflex sensitivity

37
Q

What are the beneficial effects of slow breathing in CHF patients?

A

Increase resting O2 saturation
Improve ventilation/perfusion mismatching
Improve exercise tolerance by decreasing sensation of dyspnea

38
Q

What are also beneficial effects of slow breathing in CHF patients?

A

Decrease chemoreflex activation
Decrease sympathetic activity
Decrease SBP and DBP

39
Q

Nitric oxide from endothelium relaxes?

A

Smooth muscle

40
Q

Nitric oxide is rapidly inactivated by?

A

Superoxide Radical

41
Q

What allows nitric oxide effect to be longer lasting and slow lowers BP?

A

Increasing antioxidants will reduce the number of free radicals

42
Q

What are some examples of antioxidants?

A

Glutathione
Melatonin
Vitamin A,C,E
Selenium

43
Q

Serotonin may act at the CNS to inhibit?

A

Reflex SNS activation

44
Q

Nitric oxide may act centrally to inhibit?

A

Sympathetic Nerve Activity

45
Q

Nitric Oxide may promote?

A

Bradycardia

Hypotension

46
Q

In the fetus there is no need for pulmonary circulation since the placenta is the fetal organ of gas exchange and therefore?

A

Pulmonary Blood Flow is minimal

47
Q

There is blood flow to the placenta via?

A

Umbilical Arteries (branch of anterior iliac artery)

48
Q

Blood returns to the fetus from the placenta via?

A

Umbilical Veins

49
Q

What are the fetal shunts?

A

Ductus Arteriosis
Foramen Ovale
Ductus Venosus

50
Q

The ductus arteriosis passes blood from the pulmonic trunk to the?

A

Aorta

51
Q

The foramen ovale passes blood from?

A

R atrium to L atrium

52
Q

The ductus venosus passes blood from?

A

Portal V and Umbilical V to IVC

53
Q

The ductus arteriosis and foramen ovale allow blood to?

A

Bypass Lungs

54
Q

Ductus venous allows umbilical and portal blood to?

A

Bypass Liver

55
Q

The oxygen saturation of umbilical blood is?

A

80%

56
Q

Oxygen saturation in fetal blood of the IVC is?

A

67%

Physiology 3 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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