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Physiology 3 Exam 2 > Part 5 > Flashcards

Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Arterial pressure controls?

A

Renal-body fluid system

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2
Q

In the renal-body fluid system, increased ECF will cause?

A

Arterial pressure to rise

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3
Q

Renal-body fluid system, in response to kidneys will?

A

Excrete excess ECF

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4
Q

The degree of shift of the renal output curve for water and salt is known as?

A

Determinants of long term arterial pressure

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5
Q

Increased total peripheral resistance will not create a long term elevation of of BP if?

A

Fluid intake and renal function don’t change

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6
Q

In the kidney, afferent arterioles supply the glomerular capillaries where?

A

Filtration takes place

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7
Q

Efferent arterioles drain the glomerular capillaries which give rise to peritubular capillaries where?

A

Reabsorption takes place

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8
Q

Specialized peritubular capillaries associated with juxtamedullary nephron’s is called?

A

Vasa Recti

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9
Q

When the ECF levels rise, the arterial pressure?

A

Rises

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10
Q

The kidneys excrete more fluid, thus bringing the pressure?

A

Back to normal

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11
Q

Acute renal output curves have the effect of?

A

Arterial pressure alone

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12
Q

Chronic renal output curves have the effect of arterial pressure plus?

A 
SNS +
Renin-angiotensin system
Aldosterone
ADH
ANP
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13
Q

What hormones decrease renal blood flow?

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Angiotensin II

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14
Q

What hormones increase renal blood flow?

A

Prostaglandins E and I

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15
Q

What monitors NaCl in the macula densa of the distal tubule?

A

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

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16
Q

Decreased NaCl in the macula densa will cause renin to be released from?

A

Juxtaglomerular Cells

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17
Q

Increased renin will increase angiotensin II levels which will increase?

A

Efferent Arteriole resistance

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18
Q

Decrease NaCl in the macula densa also causes?

A

Dilation of afferent arteriole

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19
Q

The renin-angiotension-aldosterone system provides the source of?

A

Renin

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20
Q

What synthesizes, stores and releases renin?

A

Smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles

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21
Q

Renin is stimulated by?

A

Decreased perfusion pressure
SNS
Decreased NaCl to macula densa (distal tubule)
Hormonal Stimulation

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22
Q

What hormones stimulate renin?

A

Thyroid Hormone

Growth Hormone

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23
Q

Renin is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of?

A

Angiotensin I (10 AA) from Angiotensinogen (liver)

24
Q

What occurs primarily in the lung via angiotensin converting enzyme associated with pulmonary endothelium?

A

Angiotensin 1 –> Angiotensin II

25
What are the functions of angiotensin II?
Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone Stimulates release of ADH/Vasopressin Stimulates kidney
26
The net effect of the functions of angiotensin II is?
decrease Na+ and H2O which increase BP
27
Angiotensin II will also stimulate thirst/drinking behavior at the level of the?
Hypothalamus
28
When you tie off one renal artery you can develop?
Systemic Hypertension
29
Systemic hypertension elevates?
Renin and Angiotensin II
30
When you tie off one renal artery you don't develop?
Uremia
31
When you tie off one renal artery and remove kidney you don't develop?
Hypertension or Uremia
32
When you tie off one renal artery and remove both kidney's you develop both?
Hypertension and Uremia
33
Hypertension generated by tying off a renal artery is called?
Goldbaltt Hypertensive Model
34
In one kidney variety, what is initially high?
Renin
35
In the two kidney model, the renin from the constricted kidney causes?
Fluid retention of the good kidney
36
Slow breathing (6/min) will increase?
Arterial baroreflex sensitivity
37
What are the beneficial effects of slow breathing in CHF patients?
Increase resting O2 saturation Improve ventilation/perfusion mismatching Improve exercise tolerance by decreasing sensation of dyspnea
38
What are also beneficial effects of slow breathing in CHF patients?
Decrease chemoreflex activation Decrease sympathetic activity Decrease SBP and DBP
39
Nitric oxide from endothelium relaxes?
Smooth muscle
40
Nitric oxide is rapidly inactivated by?
Superoxide Radical
41
What allows nitric oxide effect to be longer lasting and slow lowers BP?
Increasing antioxidants will reduce the number of free radicals
42
What are some examples of antioxidants?
Glutathione Melatonin Vitamin A,C,E Selenium
43
Serotonin may act at the CNS to inhibit?
Reflex SNS activation
44
Nitric oxide may act centrally to inhibit?
Sympathetic Nerve Activity
45
Nitric Oxide may promote?
Bradycardia | Hypotension
46
In the fetus there is no need for pulmonary circulation since the placenta is the fetal organ of gas exchange and therefore?
Pulmonary Blood Flow is minimal
47
There is blood flow to the placenta via?
Umbilical Arteries (branch of anterior iliac artery)
48
Blood returns to the fetus from the placenta via?
Umbilical Veins
49
What are the fetal shunts?
Ductus Arteriosis Foramen Ovale Ductus Venosus
50
The ductus arteriosis passes blood from the pulmonic trunk to the?
Aorta
51
The foramen ovale passes blood from?
R atrium to L atrium
52
The ductus venosus passes blood from?
Portal V and Umbilical V to IVC
53
The ductus arteriosis and foramen ovale allow blood to?
Bypass Lungs
54
Ductus venous allows umbilical and portal blood to?
Bypass Liver
55
The oxygen saturation of umbilical blood is?
80%
56
Oxygen saturation in fetal blood of the IVC is?
67%

Physiology 3 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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