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Physiology 3 Exam 2 > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Delivering adequate oxygen & nutrients to the systemic tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products from the systemic tissues is the main function of?

A

Systemic Circulation

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2
Q

Systemic circulation serves as a conduit for transport of hormones and other substances and it allows these substances to?

A

Potentially act at a distant site from their production

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3
Q

What are designed to carry blood under high pressure out to the tissue beds?

A

Systemic Arteries

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4
Q

What act as control valves to regulate local flow?

A

Arterioles and Pre-capillary Sphincters

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5
Q

Capillaries (one cell layer thick) exchange between?

A

Tissue (cells) and blood

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6
Q

Venules collect blood from?

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

What returns blood to the heart/dynamic storage?

A

Systemic Veins

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8
Q

Blood flow is proportional to?

A

Metabolic Demand

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9
Q

Cardiac output is controlled by?

A

Local Tissue Flow

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10
Q

What is independent of local flow or cardiac output?

A

Arterial Pressure Control

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11
Q

What are the components of vessels?

A
  1. Endothelium ( 1 layer in all vessels)
  2. Elastic Tissue
  3. Smooth Muscle
  4. Fibrous Tissue
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12
Q

The relative composition of the aorta is?

A

1 >3 >2

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13
Q

The relative composition of a typical artery is?

A

2 > 1 > 3

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14
Q

The relative composition of a vein is?

A

1=2=3

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15
Q

The relative composition of a capillary is?

A

Only endothelium

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16
Q

What is the volume of blood that passes a certain point per unit of time (e.g.. ml/min) ?

A

Flow (F)

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17
Q

At a given flow, the velocity is inversely proportional to the?

A

Total cross sectional area

F = velocity x cross sectional area

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18
Q

Flow is directly proportional to the change in pressure and inversely proportional to?

A

Resistance (R)

F = change in pressure/R

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19
Q

What is the driving force of blood?

A

Pressure Gradient

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20
Q

Pressure gradient is the difference in?

A

Pressure between two points

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21
Q

Pressure gradient is proportional to?

A

Flow

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22
Q

At a given flow, the greater the drop in pressure in a segment or compartment the greater the?

A

Resistance to flow

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23
Q

The greatest resistance to flow occurs in the?

A

Pre-capillary resistance vessels (arterioles, metaarterioles, precapillary sphincters)

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24
Q

Resistance equals?

A

8nl/pi r^4
n=viscosity
l=length of vessel
r=radius

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25
Q

A parallel circuits is?

A

Rt< smallest individual R

26
Q

A series circuit is?

A

Rt = sum of individual R’s

27
Q

The systemic circulation is predominantly a?

A

Parallel circuit

28
Q

Parallel circuitry is independent of?

A

Local Flow Control

29
Q

Parallel circuitry increases or decreases?

A

Flow to tissues independently

30
Q

Parallel circuitry minimizes?

A

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

31
Q

Parallel circuitry sends oxygen rich blood supply to?

A

Every tissue

32
Q

What is the internal friction of a fluid associated with the intermolecular attraction?

A

Viscosity

33
Q

Blood is a suspension with a viscosity of?

A

3

34
Q

Most viscosity of blood is due to?

A

RBC’s

35
Q

Plasma has a viscosity of ?

A

1.5

36
Q

Water is the standard with a viscosity of?

A

1

37
Q

When velocity decreases it will increase?

A

Viscosity

38
Q

Increased viscosity is due to?

A

Elements in blood sticking together

39
Q

Cells can get stuck at constriction points momentarily which increase?

A

Apparent viscosity

40
Q

What increases flexibility of RBC’s

A

Fibrinogen

41
Q

In small vessels, cells line up which decreases viscosity and offsets the above to some degree. This is known as?

A

Fahaeus-Lindquist

42
Q

What is the percentage of packed cell volume?

A

Hematocrit

43
Q

What is the normal range for hematocrit?

A

38%-45%

44
Q

What are the characteristics of laminar flow?

A

Streamline
Silent
Most Efficient
Normal

45
Q

What are the characteristics of turbulent flow?

A

Cross Mixing
Vibrational Noise
Least Efficient
Associated with Vessel Disease (Bruit)

46
Q

What is reynold’s number?

A

Probability statement for turbulent flow

47
Q

The greater the reynolds number, the greater the?

A

Probability for turbulence

48
Q

If Reynolds number is less than 2000 flow is usually?

A

Laminar

49
Q

If Reynolds number is greater than 3000 flow is usually?

A

Turbulent

50
Q

Doppler ultrasonic flow-meter uses ultrasound to determine?

A

Velocity of Flow

51
Q

What is the function of the velocity of flow?

A

Doppler Frequency Shift

52
Q

RBC’s moving toward transmitter, compresses sound waves and increases?

A

Frequency of Returning Waves

53
Q

Broad band is associated with?

A

Turbulent Flow

54
Q

Narrow band is associated with

A

Laminar Flow

55
Q

What is the determination of cardiac output?

A

Fick Principal

Indicator Dilution

56
Q

What is the determination of Vessel flow?

A

Venous occlusion Plesthymography
Doppler Ultrasonic Flowmeter
Vascular Flow Cuffs

57
Q

Fick principal involves?

A

Blood flow to a tissue/organ

58
Q

The fick principal has a 3 port system which includes?

A

input blood conc
output blood conc
add/remove of substance x from tissue

59
Q

Indicator dilution is based on?

A

Conservation of Mass

60
Q

What is the ability of a vessel to stretch (distend)?

A

Distensibility

61
Q

What is the ability of a vessel to stretch and hold volume?

A

Compliance

Physiology 3 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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