Part 1

Question 1

Delivering adequate oxygen & nutrients to the systemic tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other waste products from the systemic tissues is the main function of?

Answer 1

Systemic Circulation

Question 2

Systemic circulation serves as a conduit for transport of hormones and other substances and it allows these substances to?

Answer 2

Potentially act at a distant site from their production

Question 3

What are designed to carry blood under high pressure out to the tissue beds?

Answer 3

Systemic Arteries

Question 4

What act as control valves to regulate local flow?

Answer 4

Arterioles and Pre-capillary Sphincters

Question 5

Capillaries (one cell layer thick) exchange between?

Answer 5

Tissue (cells) and blood

Question 6

Venules collect blood from?

Answer 6

Capillaries

Question 7

What returns blood to the heart/dynamic storage?

Answer 7

Systemic Veins

Question 8

Blood flow is proportional to?

Answer 8

Metabolic Demand

Question 9

Cardiac output is controlled by?

Answer 9

Local Tissue Flow

Question 10

What is independent of local flow or cardiac output?

Answer 10

Arterial Pressure Control

Question 11

What are the components of vessels?

Answer 11

1. Endothelium ( 1 layer in all vessels)
2. Elastic Tissue
3. Smooth Muscle
4. Fibrous Tissue

Question 12

The relative composition of the aorta is?

Answer 12

1 >3 >2

Question 13

The relative composition of a typical artery is?

Answer 13

2 > 1 > 3

Question 14

The relative composition of a vein is?

Answer 14

1=2=3

Question 15

The relative composition of a capillary is?

Answer 15

Only endothelium

Question 16

What is the volume of blood that passes a certain point per unit of time (e.g.. ml/min) ?

Answer 16

Flow (F)

Question 17

At a given flow, the velocity is inversely proportional to the?

Answer 17

Total cross sectional area

F = velocity x cross sectional area

Question 18

Flow is directly proportional to the change in pressure and inversely proportional to?

Answer 18

Resistance (R)

F = change in pressure/R

Question 19

What is the driving force of blood?

Answer 19

Pressure Gradient

Question 20

Pressure gradient is the difference in?

Answer 20

Pressure between two points

Question 21

Pressure gradient is proportional to?

Answer 21

Flow

Question 22

At a given flow, the greater the drop in pressure in a segment or compartment the greater the?

Answer 22

Resistance to flow

Question 23

The greatest resistance to flow occurs in the?

Answer 23

Pre-capillary resistance vessels (arterioles, metaarterioles, precapillary sphincters)

Question 24

Resistance equals?

Answer 24

8nl/pi r^4
n=viscosity
l=length of vessel
r=radius

Question 25

A parallel circuits is?

Answer 25

Rt< smallest individual R

Question 26

A series circuit is?

Answer 26

Rt = sum of individual R's

Question 27

The systemic circulation is predominantly a?

Answer 27

Parallel circuit

Question 28

Parallel circuitry is independent of?

Answer 28

Local Flow Control

Question 29

Parallel circuitry increases or decreases?

Answer 29

Flow to tissues independently

Question 30

Parallel circuitry minimizes?

Answer 30

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Question 31

Parallel circuitry sends oxygen rich blood supply to?

Answer 31

Every tissue

Question 32

What is the internal friction of a fluid associated with the intermolecular attraction?

Answer 32

Viscosity

Question 33

Blood is a suspension with a viscosity of?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

Most viscosity of blood is due to?

Answer 34

RBC's

Question 35

Plasma has a viscosity of ?

Answer 35

1.5

Question 36

Water is the standard with a viscosity of?

Answer 36

1

Question 37

When velocity decreases it will increase?

Answer 37

Viscosity

Question 38

Increased viscosity is due to?

Answer 38

Elements in blood sticking together

Question 39

Cells can get stuck at constriction points momentarily which increase?

Answer 39

Apparent viscosity

Question 40

What increases flexibility of RBC's

Answer 40

Fibrinogen

Question 41

In small vessels, cells line up which decreases viscosity and offsets the above to some degree. This is known as?

Answer 41

Fahaeus-Lindquist

Question 42

What is the percentage of packed cell volume?

Answer 42

Hematocrit

Question 43

What is the normal range for hematocrit?

Answer 43

38%-45%

Question 44

What are the characteristics of laminar flow?

Answer 44

Streamline Silent Most Efficient Normal

Question 45

What are the characteristics of turbulent flow?

Answer 45

Cross Mixing Vibrational Noise Least Efficient Associated with Vessel Disease (Bruit)

Question 46

What is reynold's number?

Answer 46

Probability statement for turbulent flow

Question 47

The greater the reynolds number, the greater the?

Answer 47

Probability for turbulence

Question 48

If Reynolds number is less than 2000 flow is usually?

Answer 48

Laminar

Question 49

If Reynolds number is greater than 3000 flow is usually?

Answer 49

Turbulent

Question 50

Doppler ultrasonic flow-meter uses ultrasound to determine?

Answer 50

Velocity of Flow

Question 51

What is the function of the velocity of flow?

Answer 51

Doppler Frequency Shift

Question 52

RBC's moving toward transmitter, compresses sound waves and increases?

Answer 52

Frequency of Returning Waves

Question 53

Broad band is associated with?

Answer 53

Turbulent Flow

Question 54

Narrow band is associated with

Answer 54

Laminar Flow

Question 55

What is the determination of cardiac output?

Answer 55

Fick Principal | Indicator Dilution

Question 56

What is the determination of Vessel flow?

Answer 56

Venous occlusion Plesthymography Doppler Ultrasonic Flowmeter Vascular Flow Cuffs

Question 57

Fick principal involves?

Answer 57

Blood flow to a tissue/organ

Question 58

The fick principal has a 3 port system which includes?

Answer 58

input blood conc output blood conc add/remove of substance x from tissue

Question 59

Indicator dilution is based on?

Answer 59

Conservation of Mass

Question 60

What is the ability of a vessel to stretch (distend)?

Answer 60

Distensibility

Question 61

What is the ability of a vessel to stretch and hold volume?

Answer 61

Compliance