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Physiology 3 Exam 2 > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Passive diffusion involves?

A

Permeability

Concentration Gradient

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2
Q

Ultrafiltration is bulk flow through a?

A

Filter (Capillary)

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3
Q

Ultrafiltration involves starling forces such as?

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

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4
Q

Hydrostatic pressure gradient favors?

A

Filtration

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5
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure averages?

A

17 mm Hg

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6
Q

Interstital hydrostatic pressure averages?

A

-3 mm Hg

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7
Q

Colloid Osmotic Pressure favors?

A

Reabsorption

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8
Q

Capillary COP averages?

A

28 mm Hg

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9
Q

Interstitial COP averages?

A

9 mm Hg

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10
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure is a function of the?

A

Protein Concentration

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11
Q

Plasma proteins include?

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins

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12
Q

Calculated colloid effect is?

A

19 mm Hg

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13
Q

Actual colloid effect is?

A

28 mm Hg

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14
Q

What increases colloid osmotic effect?

A

Donnan Effect

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15
Q

Large plasma proteins carry negative charges which attract positive ions. This increases the osmotic effect by?

A

50%

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16
Q

Capillary walls can range from

A

Tight junctions to discontinuous

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17
Q

Glomerular capillaries in kidney have?

A

Filtration Slits (Fenestrations)

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18
Q

Only the protein that cannot cross capillary wall can exert?

A

Osmotic Pressure

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19
Q

What expresses how readily protein can cross capillary wall?

A

Reflection Coefficient

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20
Q

Reflection coefficient ranges between?

A

0 to 1

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21
Q

If reflection coefficient is 0, all colloid proteins freely cross wall, none are reflected therefore?

A

No colloid effect

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22
Q

If reflection coefficient is 1, all colloid proteins are reflected, none cross capillary wall, therefore?

A

Full Colloid Effect

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23
Q

What drains excess fluid from interstitial spaces?

A

Lymph Capillaries

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24
Q

No true lymphatic vessels are found where?

A

Superficial portions of skin
CNS
Endomysium of muscle and bones

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25
Q

What drains the lower body and left side of head, left arm and part of chest as well as left leg?

A

Thoracic Duct

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26
Q

What drains the right side of the head, neck, right arm and part of the chest?

A

Right Lymph Duct

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27
Q

There are not true lymphatic vessels in the?

A

CNS

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28
Q

What contains CSF and communicates with subarachnoid space?

A

Perivascular Spaces

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29
Q

Plasma filtrate and escaped substances in perivascular spaces are returned to vascular system in the CSF via?

A

Arachnoid Villi

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30
Q

Arachnoid villi empty into?

A

Dural Venous Sinus

31
Q

CNS-modified lymphatic function acts as a?

A

Functional Lymphatic System in CNS

32
Q

Excess plasma filtrate resembles?

A

Interstitial fluid from tissues it drains

33
Q

There is 3-5mg/dL of protein in?

A

Thoracic Duct

34
Q

What organ has 6 mg/dL of protein?

A

Liver

35
Q

Liver has leaky

A

Capillaries

36
Q

2/3 of all lymph is from?

A

Liver and Intestines

37
Q

Any factor that increases filtration and/or decreases reabsorption will?

A

Increase lymph formation

38
Q

Thoracic duct forms lymph at?

A

100 ml/hr

39
Q

Right Lymph duct forms lymph at?

A

20 ml/hr

40
Q

Total lymph flow is?

A

120 ml/hr

41
Q

Everyday a volume of lymph roughly equal to your entire plasma volume is?

A

FIltered

42
Q

What are the functions of lymphatic?

A
  1. Return lost protein to vascular system
  2. Drain excess plasma filtrate from ISF space
  3. Carry absorbed substance/nutrients from GI
  4. Filter lymph at lymph nodes
43
Q

What are a meshwork of sinuses lines with tissue macrophages (phagocytosis)?

A

Lymph Node

44
Q

What created by the interaction of blood with the vascular wall?

A

Arterial Blood Pressure

45
Q

Arterial blood pressure equals?

A

Volume of blood interacting with wall

46
Q

Greater than half of total peripheral resistance is at the level of

A

Systemic arterioles

47
Q

During systole the left ventricular output is greater than?

A

Peripheral Run-off

48
Q

The total blood will rise and cause arterial BP to?

A

Increase to a peak (systolic BP)

49
Q

The arteries are what during this time?

A

Distended

50
Q

When the left ventricle is filling, the arteries are now recoiling which serves to?

A

Maintain perfusion to tissue beds

51
Q

During diastole, total blood volume in the arterial tree is decreasing which causes?

A

Arterial BP to fall to a minimum value (diastolic BP)

52
Q

Stretch and recoil of the arterial tree that normally occurs during the cardiac cycle is called?

A

Hydraulic Filtering

53
Q

Hydraulic filtering converts an intermittent output by the heart to a steady delivery at the tissue beds and?

A

Saves the heart work

54
Q

At the distensibility of the arterial tree decreases with age, hydraulic filtering in reduced and work load on the heart is?

A

Increased

55
Q

The maximum pressure in the systemic arteries is called?

A

Systolic BP

56
Q

With systolic BP, pressure peaks as blood is ejected from the?

A

Left Ventricle into the aorta

57
Q

Inflow volume from left ventricle typically occurs at a faster rate than peripheral run-off out of the arterial tree during systole causing?

A

Arterial pressure to increase

58
Q

The minimum pressure in the systemic arteries is called?

A

Diastolic BP

59
Q

How low diastolic blood pressure falls is dependent on?

A
  1. Cycle Length

2. Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

60
Q

Cycle length is inversely proportional to?

A

Diastolic BP (Increase CL decreases BP)

61
Q

TPR is proportional to?

A

Diastolic BP (Increase TPR increases BP)

62
Q

During exercise diastolic BP may not change much due to?

A

Decreased CL which is offset by decreased TPR

63
Q

The mean arterial blood pressure is not arithmetical mean between?

A

Systole and Diastole

64
Q

Mean arterial BP is equal to?

A

1/3 pulse pressure + diastolic BP

65
Q

Most post ganglionic SNS terminals release?

A

Nor-epinepherine

66
Q

The predominant receptor type is?

A

Alpha

67
Q

Alpha response is constriction of?

A

Smooth Muscle

68
Q

Constriction of arterioles reduce blood flow and helps raise?

A

Arterial BP

69
Q

Constriction of arteries raise?

A

Arterial BP

70
Q

Constriction of veins increases?

A

Venous return

71
Q

SNS causes widespread vasoconstriction causing decrease in blood flow with what 3 exceptions?

A
  1. Brain
  2. Lungs
  3. Heart
72
Q

Brain and lung arterioles are weakly innervated by?

A

SNS

73
Q

Direct vasoconstrictor effects by SNS induced increased in cardiac activity which causes?

A

Release of local vasodilators (Adenosine)

Physiology 3 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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