PART 6 Flashcards
Dosage forms having drug-release features based on time, course, and/or location that are designed to accomplish therapeutic or convenience objectives not offered by conventional or immediate-release forms
Modified release dosage form
Allows a reduction in dosing frequency from that necessitated by a conventional dosage form, such as a solution or an immediate-release dosage form
Extended release (ER)
Initial dose of the drug is released immediately while the second dose follows later
Repeat-action tablets
Drugs with low dosage and fairly rapid rates of absorption and excretion are the best candidates for ___ tablets.
Repeat-action tablets
Designed to release the drug at a time other than promptly
after administration
Delayed-release dosage form
Coated tablets and capsules that remain intact in the stomach to release their contents in the intestine are called ____.
Enteric coated
Enteric coating that breaks down in the less acidic environment of the intestine
pH dependent
Enteric coating that erodes by moisture over time during GI transit
Time dependent
Enteric coating that deteriorates as a result of hydrolysis-catalyzing action of intestinal enzymes
Enzyme dependent
Material for enteric coating
Fats
Fatty acids
Waxes
Shellac
Cellulose acetate phthalate
Describes a drug release directed toward isolating or concentrating a drug in a body region, tissue, or site for absorption or for drug action
Targeted release
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Beads, granules, and microspheres are coated in various thicknesses by ___, ___, and ___.
Lipid material
Cellulosic material
Commercial aqueous coating systems
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Ethylcellulose
Cellulosic material
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Ethylcellulose with plasticizer (Aquacoat by FMC Corporation or Surelease by Colorcon)
Commercial aqueous coating systems
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Solids, liquids, or even gases may be encapsulated into microscopic size particles through the formation of thin coatings of “wall” materials around the substance being encapsulated.
Microencapsulation
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
4 Wall-forming materials used in microencapsulation
Gelatin - common
Polyvinyl alcohol
Ethylcellulose
Polyvinyl chloride
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Embedding a drug in an inert plastic matrix such as polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, or polymethacrylate then compressing it into a tablet.
Matrix tablets
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
The API in matrix tablets is slowly released by ___ from the plastic matrix by leaching into the body fluids.
Diffusion
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Drug substances are combined with other chemical agents to form complexes that may be only slowly soluble in body fluids
Complex formation
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
The release of the drug is dependent upon the pH and the electrolyte concentration in the GIT
Ion-exchange resins
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
Pioneer oral osmotic pump delivery system that is composed of a core tablet surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane coating having a 0.4-mm diameter “hole” produced by a laser beam
OROS System (by Alza)
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
The core tablet of OROS system consists of the active layer that contains the drug and the ___ layer that contains the polymeric osmotic agent.
Push
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
The drug is released 4 to 5 hours after tablet ingestion. The delay in drug release is affected by a slowly solubilized coated layer between the active drug core and the outer semipermeable membrane.
COER (Controller-Onset Extended Release)
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS
A type of push-pull osmotic system
GITS (Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System)
