Part 5: The Cell and Plasma Membrane

Question 1

physical pressure forces fluid through a selectively permeable membrane. Ex: blood in capillaries

Answer 1

filtration

Question 2

net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration. Spontaneous motion.

Answer 2

simple diffusion

Question 3

net flow of water from one side of a selectively permeable membrane to the other.

Answer 3

osmosis

Question 4

specialized channel proteins for water

Answer 4

aquaporins

Question 5

AKA osmotic concentration. measured in milliosmoles per liter. Expresses the quantity of non-permeating particles per liter of solution,

Answer 5

osmolarity

Question 6

solution has a lower concentration of non-permeating solutes than the intracellular fluid

Answer 6

hypotonic

Question 7

solution has a higher concentration of non-permeating solutes than the intracellular fluid

Answer 7

hypertonic

Question 8

the total concentration of non-permeating is the same as in the intracellular fluid

Answer 8

isotonic

Question 9

any process of transporting materials through cellular membrane that involves reversible binding to a transport protein

Answer 9

carrier-mediated transport

Question 10

meaning that it only binds with a certain receptor, ligand, or carrier

Answer 10

specificity

Question 11

as the solute concentration rises, its rate of transport increases, but only up to a point.

Answer 11

saturation

Question 12

where transport levels off after no more carriers are available to handle the increase of demand

Answer 12

transport maximum

Question 13

carrier mediated transport of solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient. doesn’t require ATP

Answer 13

facilitated diffusion

Question 14

process in which a carrier moves a substance through a cell membrane up its concentration gradient using energy provided by ATP

Answer 14

primary active transport

Question 15

transport system that indirectly relies on ATP

Answer 15

secondary active transport

Question 16

vesicular processes that bring matter into a cell

Answer 16

endocytosis

Question 17

“cell eating” is the process of engulfing particles large enough to be seen with a microscope

Answer 17

phagocytosis

Question 18

“cell drinking” is the process of taking droplets of extracellular fluid containing molecules of use to the cell

Answer 18

pinocytosis

Question 19

vesicular process that releases material from a cell

Answer 19

exocytosis

Question 20

Define and distinguish between simple diffusion, osmosis, carrier-mediated transport, and vesicular transport.

Answer 20

Simple diffusion- net movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration. Spontaneous motion.
Osmosis- net flow of water from one side of a selectively permeable membrane to the other.
Carrier-mediated transport- any process of transporting materials through cellular membrane that involves reversible binding to a transport protein
Vesicular Transport- endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 21

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 21

the hydrostatic pressure required to halt osmosis

Question 22

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 22

carrier mediated transport of solute through a membrane down its concentration gradient. doesn’t require ATP

Question 23

What is active transport? Give an example.

Answer 23

process in which a carrier moves a substance through a cell membrane up its concentration gradient using energy provided by ATP
Ex: calcium pump

Question 24

Define secondary active transport and give an example.

Answer 24

transport system that indirectly relies on ATP
Ex: Sodium-glucose transporters

Question 25

Name the four forms of vesicular transport.

Answer 25

Endocytosis: 3 forms
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Exocytosis