Part 3: Organic Compounds 1

Question 1

polymer of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

Answer 1

protein

Question 2

the building blocks of proteins

Answer 2

amino acids

Question 3

describe the structure of an amino acid

Answer 3

central carbon with an amino and carboxyl group bound to it, as well as a third functional group known as the R group

Question 4

any molecule composed of two or more amino acids

Answer 4

peptide

Question 5

what is a peptide bond?

Answer 5

formed by dehydration synthesis, joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next

Question 6

four levels of of protein structure

Answer 6

primary (1º)
secondary (2º)
tertiary (3º)
quaternary (4º)

Question 7

proteins sequence of amino acids

Answer 7

primary

Question 8

alpha helix or beta sheet formed by hydrogen bonding

Answer 8

secondary structure

Question 9

folding and coiling due to interactions among R groups and between R groups surrounding water (hydrophobic and hydrophilic)

Answer 9

tertiary

Question 10

association of two or more polypeptide chains with each other

Answer 10

Quaternary

Question 11

three dimensional shapes of proteins

Answer 11

conformations

Question 12

secondary structure with a spring like shape

Answer 12

alpha helix

Question 13

secondary structure with a pleated ribbonlike shape

Answer 13

beta helix

Question 14

a change in the three dimensional conformation of a protein that destroys its enzymatic or other functional properties, usually caused by extreme temperature or pH. ex: cooking an egg and the egg white turns from clear and runny to opaque and stiff

Answer 14

denaturation

Question 15

7 protein functions

Answer 15

structure- ex: keratin and collagen
communication- ex: hormones and receptors
membrane transport
catalysis- ex: enzymes
recognition and protection- ex: antibodies and clotting
movement
cell adhesion

Question 16

proteins that function as biological catalysts

Answer 16

enzymes

Question 17

organic compounds with three principal components: nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide and one or more phosphate groups

Answer 17

Nucleotide

Question 18

polymers of nucleotides

Answer 18

nucleic acids

Question 19

What is ATP? Why is it important?

Answer 19

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the body’s most important energy-transfer molecule
Importance- energy production, muscle contraction, and pumping ions through cell membranes

Question 20

Three components of a nucleotide

Answer 20

nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide and one or more phosphate groups