Part 2: Homeostasis

Question 1

What are the four main classes of organic molecules?

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 2

small clusters of atoms that determine many of the properties of an organic molecule

Answer 2

functional groups

Question 3

5 functional groups

Answer 3

OH- hydroxyl
CH3- methyl
COOH- carboxylic acid
NH2- amino
H2PO4- phosphate

Question 4

Difference between a polymer and monomer

Answer 4

Polymer- molecules made of a repetitive series of identical or similar subunits called monomers

Question 5

What is a moiety?

Answer 5

A fragment of a molecule, especially one that comprises an identifiable unit
Ex: Phospholipid- head and tail

Question 6

an enzyme removes a hydroxyl group from one monomer and hydrogen from another. produces water as a byproduct

Answer 6

dehydration synthesis (condensation)

Question 7

a water molecule ionizes into a hydroxyl group and hydrogen, breaking the covalent bond Lin king one monomer to another.

Answer 7

hydrolysis

Question 8

hydrophilic organic molecule thats main function is to provide energy

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

simplest carbohydrates or simple sugars

Answer 9

monosaccharides

Question 10

3 primary monosaccharides

Answer 10

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 11

sugars composed of two monosaccharides

Answer 11

Disaccharide

Question 12

3 main disaccharides

Answer 12

Sucrose- fructose+glucose, table sugar
Lactose- glucose+galactose, dairy products
Maltose- glucose+glucose, grains

Question 13

3 or more monosaccharides (10-20)

Answer 13

oligosaccharide

Question 14

long chains of monosaccharides, main purpose is storage

Answer 14

Polysaccharide

Question 15

Form of glucose used for storage (comes from animals)

Answer 15

glycogen

Question 16

form of glucose for storage (comes from plants)

Answer 16

Starch

Question 17

indigestible CHO from plants, aka fiber, (cell wall of plants)

Answer 17

Cellulose

Question 18

hydrophobic fat cells which main function is energy storage, insulation, and some protection

Answer 18

lipids

Question 19

5 main types of lipids

Answer 19

fatty acids- long chain of carbons, saturated and unsaturated
Triglycerides- glycerol and 3 fatty acids, storage form
Phospholipids- amphipathic, head (nitrogen containing group, phosphate group,
glycerol), tail (fatty acids)
Eicosanoids- cell to cell signaling (local), 20 carbon compounds
Steroids- derived from cholesterol, lipid with 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings

Question 20

dual nature of phospholipids, meaning the head is hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic

Answer 20

amphipathic