Part 1: Organization of the Body

Question 1

What is the study of structure?

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

What is the study of fucntion?

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

When you examine something through touch or feel

Answer 3

Palpitation

Question 4

To listen to natural sounds made by the body

Answer 4

Auscultation

Question 5

To tap and listen for abnormalities

Answer 5

Percussion

Question 6

Carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationship

Answer 6

Dissection

Question 7

structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Answer 7

gross anatomy

Question 8

what is microscopic anatomy

Answer 8

Histology

Question 9

microscopic evaluation of tissues for signs of disease

Answer 9

histopathology

Question 10

study of structure and function of individual cells

Answer 10

cytology

Question 11

What are the differences between anatomy and physiology? How do these to support each other?

Answer 11

Anatomy refers to the structures of an organism, while physiology is the function of those structures. Without physiology anatomy would have no meaning and without anatomy physiology would not be possible.

Question 12

Name the method that would be used for each of the following:
1. listening to a patient for a heart murmur
2. studying the microscopic structure of the liver
3. Microscopically examining liver tissue for signs of hepatitis
4. learning the blood vessels of a cadaver
5. performing a breast self-examination

Answer 12

1. Auscultation
2. histology
   3.Histopathology
3. Dissection
4. Palpation

Question 13

Who created the code of ethics? and also believed in natural causes of disease?

Answer 13

Hippocrates

Question 14

Who believed disease came from both natural and supernatural causes?

Answer 14

Aristotle

Question 15

Most famous Greek physician. Worked with gladiators and was the first to write an influential textbook. Used animal direction to deduce human anatomy.

Answer 15

Galen

Question 16

Combined his original findings with Galen and Aristotle. Questioned the authority of medicine based on evidence.

Answer 16

Avicenna

Question 17

Performed his own cadaver dissections. Published the first anatomy textbook.

Answer 17

Vesalius

Question 18

Remembered for studies of blood circulation.

Answer 18

William Harvey

Question 19

Deduced that all organisms were made of cells.

Answer 19

Schleiden and Schwann

Question 20

What is the structure of hierarchy?

Answer 20

atom
molecule
macromolecule (DNA)
organelle
cells
tissue
organ
organelles
organ system
organism

Question 21

a single, complete individual

Answer 21

organism

Question 22

group of organs with a unique collective function

Answer 22

organ system

Question 23

structure of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a specific function

Answer 23

organ

Question 24

mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs specific functions

Answer 24

tissue

Question 25

smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life

Answer 25

cells

Question 26

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions

Answer 26

organelles

Question 27

variables of physiology

Answer 27

sex
age
weight
diet
degree of physical activity
genetics
environment

Question 28

the body’s ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions

Answer 28

Homeostasis

Question 29

the internal state of the body is best described as a _____ _____ (balanced change) in which there is a certain set point or average for a given variable. Ex: 37º C for body temp

Answer 29

dynamic equilibrium

Question 30

a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanism that negate or reverse it. keeps a variable close to its set point

Answer 30

negative feedback

Question 31

structure that senses change in the body

Answer 31

receptor

Question 32

mechanism that processes information, relates it to other available information and makes a decision about what the appropriate response should be

Answer 32

integrating (control) center

Question 33

cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action

Answer 33

effector

Question 34

self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction

Answer 34

positive feedback

Question 35

Why are positive feedback loops frequently harmful?

Answer 35

because of its self-amplifying nature it can quickly change the internal state of the body to something far form its homeostatic set point

Question 36

What is meant by dynamic equilibrium? why would it be wrong to say homeostasis prevents internal change?

Answer 36

Dynamic equilibrium the set point or average in which conditions fluctuate. Homeostasis doesn’t prevent internal change because it is not constant. there are many factors that can cause a variable to be higher or lower. that is why there is a given range rather than one specific number.

Question 37

Explain why stabilizing mechanisms are called negative feedback.

Answer 37

because it reverses the effect of a stimulus

Question 38

explain why positive feedback is more likely than negative feedback to disturb homeostasis

Answer 38

because it continuously amplifies a signal which can be dangerous to the internal state of the body. for example: a fever, while this can be a good thing at first if the fever continues to rise it can be life threatening.