PART 3: CHEMICAL SENSES: SMELL AND TASTE

Question 2

The receptors for taste and olfaction are classified as

Answer 2

chemoreceptors

Question 3

are believed to be sensitive to a much wider range of chemicals.

Answer 3

olfactory receptors (for smell)

Question 4

receptors for the sense of smell, occupy a postage stamp–sized area in the roof of each nasal cavity

Answer 4

olfactory receptors

Question 5

long cilia that protrude from the nasal epithelium and are continuously bathed by a layer of mucus secreted by underlying glands.

Answer 5

olfactory hairs

Question 6

When the olfactory receptors located on the cilia are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in the

Answer 6

mucus

Question 7

mucus transmit impulses along the, which are bundled axons of olfactory neurons that collectively make up the olfactory nerve

Answer 7

olfactory filaments

Question 8

(cranial nerve I)

Answer 8

olfactory nerve

Question 9

conducts the impulses to the olfactory cortex of the brain

Answer 9

olfactory nerve

Question 10

have either taste or smell deficits, most people seeking medical help for loss of chemical senses have

Answer 10

olfactory disorders, or anosmias

Question 11

receptors for the sense of taste, are widely scattered in the oral cavity

Answer 11

taste buds

Question 12

The dorsal tongue surface is covered with small peglike projections

Answer 12

papillae

Question 13

The taste buds are found on the sides of the large round

Answer 13

vallate papillae, or circumvallate papillae

Question 14

The taste buds on the tops of the more numerous

Answer 14

fungiform papillae

Question 15

The taste buds on the sides of the tongue

Answer 15

foliate papillae

Question 16

The specific receptor cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva are epithelial cells called

Answer 16

gustatory cells

Question 17

long microvilli—protrude through the taste pore

Answer 17

gustatory hairs

Question 18

Three cranial nerves carry taste impulses from the various taste buds to the gustatory cortex

Answer 18

VII, IX, and X
7,9,10

Question 19

serves the anterior part of the tongue.

Answer 19

facial nerve (VII)

Question 21

IX and X serve the other taste bud–containing
areas.

Answer 21

glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve

Question 22

the most dynamic cells in the body and are replaced every 7 to 10 days by

Answer 22

basal cells

Question 23

respond to substances such as sugars, saccharine, some amino acids, and some lead salts

Answer 23

sweet receptors

Question 24

respond to hydrogen ions (H+), or the acidity of the solution

Answer 24

Sour receptors

Question 25

respond to alkaloids

Answer 25

bitter receptors

Question 26

respond to metal ions in solution

Answer 26

salty receptors

Question 27

is elicited by the amino acid glutamate, which appears to be responsible for the “beef taste” of steak and the flavor of monosodium glutamate, a food additive

Answer 27

umami “delicious”

Question 28

part of the tongue to be most sensitive to sweet and salty substances

Answer 28

tip of the tongue

Question 29

part of the tongue to be most sensitive to sour

Answer 29

sour

Question 30

part of the tongue to be most sensitive to bitter

Answer 30

back

Question 31

where is to be most sensitive to umami

Answer 31

pharynx