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ANAPHY LECTURE > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

carries excess interstitial fluid
from tissues back to cardiovascular
circulation and provides locations
for immune cells to monitor
the body.

A

lymphatic system

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2
Q

take in fluids from the
extracellular space and carry them
through lymph nodes, where
immune cells scan the fluids for
foreign particles.

A

Porous lymphatic vessels

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3
Q

Fluid must be returned to circulation to maintain cardiovascular function via

A

lymphatics

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

are necessary to monitor the body for infection.

A

lymph nodes

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6
Q

The lymphatic system consists of two semi-independent parts:

A

(1) a meandering network of lymphatic vessels
(2) various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body

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7
Q

house phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, which play essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease.

A

lymphoid tissues and organs

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8
Q

if excess fluids did not go back to the blood, fluid accumulates in the tissues, producing

A

edema or swelling

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9
Q

impairs the ability of cells to make exchanges with the interstitial fluid and ultimately the blood.

A

Excessive edema

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10
Q

The function of the lymphatic vessels is to form an elaborate drainage system that picks up this excess interstitial fluid, now called

A

Lymph

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11
Q

The lymphatic vessels, also called

A

lymphatics

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12
Q

vessels that form a one-way system, and lymph flows only toward the heart.

A

lymphatics

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13
Q

weave between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body and absorb the leaked fluid

A

microscopic lymph capillaries

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14
Q

the edges of the endothelial cells forming their walls loosely overlap one another, act as one-way swinging doors

A

flaplike minivalves

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15
Q

when the fluid pressure is higher in the interstitial space, allowing fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary, the gape is

A

open

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16
Q

when the pressure is higher inside the lymphatic vessels, preventing the lymph from leaking back out and forcing it along the vessel.

A

the endothelial cell flaps are forced together, it is closed

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17
Q

Lymph is transported from the lymph capillaries through successively larger lymphatic vessels, referred to as

A

lymphatic collecting vessels

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18
Q

drains lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

A

right lymphatic duct

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19
Q

receives lymph from the rest of the body

A

thoracic duct

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20
Q

Both ducts empty the lymph into the subclavian vein on their own side of the body

A

right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

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21
Q

Like veins of the cardiovascular system, lymphatic vessels are

A

thin walled, and the larger ones have valves

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22
Q

The lymphatic system is a what type of pressure, pumpless system

A

low-pressure

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23
Q

muscle in the walls of the larger lymphatics contracts rhythmically, helping to “pump” the lymph along.

A

smooth muscle

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24
Q

action of the skeletal muscles and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing

A

milking action

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25
Q

Cells in lymph nodes in particular help protect the body by

A

removing foreign material and producing lymphocytes

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26
Q

Particularly large clusters are found in what parts of the body?

A
  1. inguinal
  2. axillary
  3. cervical regions
27
Q

Within the lymph nodes, which engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood

A

macrophages

28
Q

type of WBC, are also strategically located in the lymph nodes and respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream

A

Collections of lymphocytes

29
Q

during an active infection

A

had “swollen glands”

30
Q

the term swollen glands is a

A

misnomer

31
Q

Lymph nodes vary in shape and size, but most are

A

kidney-shaped

32
Q

Each node is surrounded by,

A

fibrous capsule

33
Q

connective tissue strands called, extend inward to divide the node into a number of compartments

A

trabeculae

34
Q

Lymphocytes arise from the

A

red bone marrow

35
Q

The outer part of the node

A

cortex

36
Q

cortex, contains collections of lymphocytes called

A

follicles

37
Q

follicles have dark-staining centers called

A

germinal centers.

38
Q

enlarge when specific B lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells called

A

germinal centers.

39
Q

specific B lymphocytes (the B cells) are generating daughter cells, which release antibodies, called

A

plasma cells

40
Q

plasma cells releases

A

antibodies

41
Q

The rest of the cortical cells are lymphocytes “in transit,” the so-called

A

T cells

42
Q

circulate continuously between the blood, lymph nodes, and lymphatic stream, performing their surveillance role

A

T cells

43
Q

are inward extensions of cortical tissue that contain both B and T cells.

A

medullary cords

44
Q

Lymph enters the convex side of a lymph node through

A

afferent lymphatic vessels

45
Q

meander through the lymph node and finally exits from the node at its indented region

A

hilum

46
Q

exits from the node at its indented region, the hilum, via

A

efferent lymphatic vessels

47
Q

is a soft organ located in the left side of the abdominal cavity, just beneath the diaphragm, that curls around the anterolateral aspect of the stomach

A

spleen

48
Q

what organ where spleen return some of their breakdown products

A

liver

49
Q

the rest of the hemoglobin molecule is secreted in

A

bile

50
Q

Other functions of the spleen include

A

storing platelets and acting as a blood reservoir

51
Q

both the spleen and liver contract and empty their blood into circulation to help bring the blood volume back to its normal level during?

A

hemorrhage

52
Q

In the fetus, the spleen is an important site

A

hematopoietic site (blood cell–forming)

53
Q

the adult spleen produces only

A

lymphocytes.

54
Q

which functions at peak level only during youth, is a lymphoid mass found in the anterior mediastinum overlying the heart.

A

thymus

55
Q

are small masses of lymphoid tissue deep to the mucosa surrounding the pharynx (throat)

A

tonsils

56
Q

Their job is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.

A

tonsils

57
Q

Tonsils carry out this function so efficiently that sometimes they become congested with bacteria and become red, swollen, and sore, a condition called

A

tonsillitis

58
Q

which resemble tonsils, are found in the wall of the distal small intestine.

A

Peyer’s patches

59
Q

Lymphoid follicles are also located in the wall of the

A

appendix

60
Q

a tubelike offshoot of the proximal large intestine

A

appendix

61
Q

always present in tremendous numbers in the intestine

A

macrophages of Peyer’s patches and the appendix

62
Q

Peyer’s patches, the appendix, and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues referred to as

A

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

63
Q

to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts MALT acts as a

A

sentinel

ANAPHY LECTURE (10 decks)

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