Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY LECTURE > CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide via blood.

A

The cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

directed toward the left hip and rests on the diaphragm, approximately at the level of the fifth intercostal space

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Its broad posterosuperior aspect, from which the great vessels of the body emerge, points toward the right shoulder and lies beneath the second rib.

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The heart is enclosed by a sac called the

A

pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The loosely fitting superficial part of pericardium, helps protect the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures, such as the diaphragm and sternum

A

fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Deep to the fibrous pericardium is the slippery, two-layered

A

serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The parietal layer of the serous pericardium, outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium. a U-turn and continues inferiorly over the heart surface

A

parietal pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium, is the part of the heart also called the epicardium

A

visceral pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lubricating serous fluid is produced by the serous pericardial membranes and collects

A

between these serous layers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This fluid allows the heart to beat easily in a relatively frictionless environment as the serous pericardial layers slide smoothly across each other.

A

serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium, often results in a decrease in the already small amount of serous fluid.

A

pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The heart walls are composed of three layers:

A
  1. the outer epicardium (the visceral pericardium just described)
  2. the myocardium
  3. and the innermost endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arrangements, It is the layer that actually contracts

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are linked together by intercalated discs, which contain both desmosomes and gap junctions.

A

Myocardial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is a thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers. It is continuous with the linings of the blood vessels leaving and entering the heart.

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The heart has four hollow cavities, or chambers

A

two atria and two ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are primarily receiving chambers

A

The superior atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The superior atria are
primarily

A

receiving chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

they are not important in the pumping activity of the heart. Instead, they assist with filling the ventricles.

A

superior atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The inferior, thick-walled ventricles, or actual pumps of the heart

A

discharging chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

forms most of the heart’s anterior surface

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

forms its apex

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

septum that divides the heart longitudinally where it divides the atria and the interventricular septum is referred to as the

A

interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where it divides the ventricles

A

interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

side of the heart that works as the pulmonary circuit pump, receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins of the body through the large superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

A

right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

right side receives oxygen-poor blood and pumps it out through the

A

pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The pulmonary trunk splits into 2, which carry blood to the lungs

A

right and left pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Oxygen-rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the which side of the heart through the four pulmonary veins.

A

left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Oxygen-rich blood drains from the lungs and is returned to the left side of the heart through

A

four pulmonary veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This circuit, from the right ventricle (the pump) to the lungs and back to the left atrium (receiving chamber), is called

A

pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Its only function is to carry blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then return it to the heart.

A

pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Oxygen-rich blood returned to the left atrium flows into the left ventricle and is pumped out to?

A

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Oxygen-rich blood returned to the which atrium

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

from ___, which the systemic arteries branch to supply essentially all body tissues.

A

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

After oxygen is delivered to tissues, oxygen-poor blood circulates from the tissues back to the right atrium via the

A

systemic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

carry blood toward the heart

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

This second circuit, from the left ventricle through the body tissues and back to the right atrium, It supplies oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood to all body organs, is called

A

systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

its walls are substantially thicker than those of the right ventricle and it is a much more powerful pump.

A

left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

are located between the atria and ventricles on each side. These valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract.

A

atrioventricular (AV) valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The left AV valve, also called the mitral valve—consists of two flaps, or cusps, of endocardium.

A

bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The right AV valve, has
three cusps

A

the tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Tiny white cords, “tendinous
cords” anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles.
think of them as “heart strings”

A

chordae tendineae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The second set of valves, guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

A

semilunar valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers.

A

pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

forces the heart to pump and repump the same blood because the valve does not close properly, so blood backflows.

A

incompetent valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the valve cusps become stiff, often because of repeated bacterial infection of the endocardium (endocarditis).

A

valvular stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) at the junction of the atria and ventricles

A

coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The functional blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the myocardium is provided by

A

the right and left coronary arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The coronary arteries branch from the base of the aorta and encircle the heart in the

A

coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The coronary arteries and their major branches

A
  1. the anterior interventricular artery circumflex artery on the left
  2. the posterior interventricular artery and marginal artery `on the right
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The myocardium is drained by several ____, which empty into an enlarged vessel on the posterior of the heart called the coronary sinus.

A

cardiac veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

empties into the right atrium, posterior of the heart

A

coronary sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

the myocardium is deprived of oxygen often result in crushing chest pain

A

angina pectoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

the oxygen-deprived heart cells may die, forming an area called an

A

infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

or MI, is commonly called a “heart attack” or a “coronary.”

A

myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

which act like brakes and gas pedals to decrease or increase the heart rate, depending on which division is activated.

A

autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

that is built into the heart tissue and sets its basic rhythm like a drummer sets the beat for a rock band playing a song.

A

intrinsic conduction system, or nodal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

This system causes heart muscle depolarization in only one direction—from the atria to the ventricles.

A

intrinsic conduction system, or nodal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

located in the right atrium, one of the most important parts of the intrinsic conduction system is a crescent-shaped node of tissue called

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

which spread within the myocardium of the ventricle walls.

A

Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

at the junction of the atria and ventricles

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

the atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) and the right and left bundle branches located in the

A

interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

any damage to the AV nod can partially or totally block the ventricles from the control of the SA node. the ventricles begin to beat at their own rate, which is much slower, some or all of the time.

A

heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

or lack of an adequate blood supply to the heart muscle, may lead to fibrillation

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

a rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the ventricles, makes the heart unable to pump any blood and so is a major cause of death from heart attacks in adults.

A

fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

is a rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per minute).

A

Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

is a heart rate that is substantially slower than normal (less than 60 beats per minute).

A

Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

refers to the events of one complete heartbeat, during which both atria and ventricles contract and then relax.

A

cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds of the cardiac cycle

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

the relaxation of the heart during which its cavities expand and fill with blood

A

diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

We will consider the cardiac cycle in terms of events occurring during five periods

A
  1. Atrial diastole (ventricular filling)
  2. Atrial systole
  3. Isovolumetric contraction
  4. Ventricular systole (ejection phase)
  5. Isovolumetric relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

cardiac cycle period where heart completely relaxed, Pressure in the heart is low, the AV valves are open, and blood is flowing passively through the atria into the ventricles. The semilunar valves are closed.

A
  1. Atrial diastole (ventricular filling).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

cardiac cycle period where the ventricles continue to contract, causing the intraventricular pressure to surpass the pressure in the major arteries leaving the heart. This causes the semilunar valves to open and blood to be ejected from the ventricles. During this phase, the atria are again relaxed and filling with blood.

A
  1. Ventricular systole (ejection phase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

cardiac cycle period where the ventricles remain in diastole as the atria contract, forcing blood into the ventricles to complete ventricular filling.

A
  1. Atrial systole.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

cardiac cycle period where atrial systole ends, and ventricular systole begins. The initial rise in intraventricular pressure closes the AV valves, preventing backflow of blood into the atria. For a moment, the ventricles are completely closed chambers.

A
  1. Isovolumetric contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

cardiac cycle period where as ventricular diastole begins, the pressure in the ventricles falls below that in the major arteries, and the semilunar valves close to prevent backflow into the ventricles.

A
  1. Isovolumetric relaxation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

heart sounds are often described by the two
syllables

A

“lub” and “dup”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

The first heart sound is caused by the closing of the AV valves. -longer and louder

A

“lub”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

The second heart sound occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of ventricular systole. - short and sharp

A

“dub”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Abnormal or unusual heart sounds are called

A

heart murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

if a valve does not close tightly, a swishing sound will be heard after that valve has (supposedly) closed

A

valved is incompetent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

traces the flow of current through the heart

A

electrocardiograph (ECG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

The first wave, which follows the firing of the SA node, is the __. small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

A

Pwave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

which results from the depolarization of the ventricles, has a complicated shape. It precedes the contraction of the ventricles.

A

QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.

A

T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

is the amount of blood pumped out by each side of the heart

A

Cardiac output (CO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Cardiac output (CO) is the product of

A

heart rate (HR) and the stroke volume (SV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

is the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat.

A

stroke volume (SV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

The important factor stretching the heart muscle, the amount of blood entering the heart and distending its ventricles.

A

venous return

91
Q

the enhanced squeezing action of active skeletal muscles on the veins helps return blood to the heart, plays a major role in increasing the venous return

A

muscular pump

92
Q

the autonomic nervous system more strongly stimulate the SA and AV nodes and the cardiac muscle itself. As a result, the heart beats more rapidly.

A

sympathetic division

93
Q

primarily vagus nerve fibers, slow and steady the heart, giving it more time to rest during noncrisis times

A

Parasympathetic nerves

94
Q

which mimics sympathetic nerves and is released in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation

A

epinephrine

95
Q

a thyroid hormone, increase heart rate.

A

thyroxine

96
Q

The average adult heart rate is
faster in females

A

72–80 beats per minute

97
Q

progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

98
Q

The average adult heart rate is
faster in males

A

64–72 beats per minute

99
Q

If the left heart fails, The right side of the heart continues to propel blood to the lungs, but the left side is unable to eject the returning blood into the systemic circulation.

A

pulmonary congestion

100
Q

If the right side of the heart fails, as blood backs up in the systemic circulation.

A

peripheral congestion

101
Q

Blood circulates inside the blood vessels, which
form a closed transport system

A

vascular system

102
Q

As the heart beats, it propels blood into the large, leaving the heart

A

arteries

103
Q

Capillary beds are drained by__, which in turn empty into veins that merge and finally empty into the great veins (venae cavae) entering the heart

A

venules

104
Q

which lines the lumen, or interior, of the vessels, is a thin layer of endothelium (squamous epithelial cells) resting on a basement membrane

A

tunica intima

105
Q

is the bulky middle layer, made up mostly of smooth muscle and elastic fibers. Controlled by sympathetic nervous system.

A

tunica media

106
Q

Some of the larger arteries have, sheets of elastic tissue, in addition to the scattered elastic fibers.

A

elastic laminae

107
Q

which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, is active in changing the diameter of the vessels.

A

smooth muscle

108
Q

that prevent backflow of blood like those
in the heart in the larger vein

A

valves

109
Q

The flow of blood from an arteriole to a venule—that is, through a capillary bed—is called

A

microcirculation

110
Q

a vessel that directly connects the arteriole and venule at opposite ends of the bed

A

vascular shunt

111
Q

the actual exchange vessels, Entrances to capillary beds are guarded by precapillary sphincters,

A

true capillaries

112
Q

Mostly fibrous connective tissue, Supports and protects the vessel

A

unica externa forms protective outermost covering

113
Q

Largest artery in the body
Leaves from the left ventricle of the heart

A

Aorta

114
Q

leaves the left ventricle

A

ascending aorta

115
Q

true capillaries spring from the terminal arteriole and empty directly into the

A

postcapillary venule

116
Q

true capillaries spring from __ and empty directly into the postcapillary venule

A

terminal arteriole

117
Q

A cuff of smooth muscle fibers, surrounds the root of each true capillary and acts as a valve to regulate the flow of blood into the capillary.

A

precapillary sphincter

118
Q

Blood flowing through a terminal arteriole may take one of two routes:

A

through the true capillaries or through the shunt

119
Q

blood flows through the true capillaries and takes part in exchanges with tissue cells, the precapillary sphincters are

A

relaxed (open)

120
Q

blood flows through the shunts and bypasses the tissue cells in that region, the precapillary sphincters are

A

contracted (closed)

121
Q

are common in people who stand
for long periods of time, and in obese (or pregnant) individuals.

A

Varicose veins

122
Q

A serious complication of varicose veins, inflammation of a vein that results when a clot forms in a vessel with poor circulation.

A

thrombophlebitis

123
Q

which is a life-threatening condition in which the embolism lodges in a vessel in the lung.

A

pulmonary embolism

124
Q

The aorta springs upward from the left ventricle of the heart as the
(leaves the left ventricle)

A

ascending aorta

125
Q

arches to the left as the

A

aortic arch

126
Q

travels downward through the thorax

A

Thoracic aorta

127
Q

passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal aorta

128
Q

The only 2 branches of the ascending aorta, which serve the heart

A

right (R.) coronary artery and left (L.) coronary artery

129
Q

the first branch off the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk

130
Q

which further branches into the R. internal and R. external carotid arteries

A

R. common carotid artery

131
Q

vessels on the left side ofthe body for organs served.

A

R. subclavian artery

132
Q

Left common carotid artery- second brand off the aortic arch.
splits into the:

A

Left internal and external carotid arteries

133
Q

Left subclavian artery branches into the:

A

Vertebral artery

134
Q

L. common carotid artery which serves the brain

A

L. internal carotid

135
Q

L. common carotid artery which serves the
skin and muscles of the head and neck.

A

L. external carotid

136
Q

The third branch of the aortic arch, that gives off an important branch vertebral artery

A

L. subclavian artery

137
Q

L. subclavian artery which serves part of the brain.

A

vertebral artery

138
Q

In the axilla, the subclavian artery becomes the

A

axillary artery

139
Q

the subclavian artery continues into the arm, which supplies the arm

A

brachial artery

140
Q

At the elbow, the brachial artery splits to form the, which serve the forearm.

A

radial artery and ulnar artery

141
Q

(10 pairs) supply the muscles of the thorax wall.

A

intercostal arteries

142
Q

Other branches of the thoracic aorta supply the lungs

A

bronchial arteries

143
Q

Other branches of the thoracic aorta supply the esophagus

A

esophageal arteries

144
Q

Other branches of the thoracic aorta supply the diaphragm

A

phrenic arteries

145
Q

is the first branch of the abdominal aorta, single vessel that has three branches

A

celiac trunk

146
Q

branch of celiac trunk supplies the stomach

A

the L. gastric artery

147
Q

branch of celiac trunk supplies the spleen

A

splenic artery

148
Q

branch of celiac trunk supplies liver

A

common hepatic artery

149
Q

unpaired, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine, or colon

A

superior mesenteric artery

150
Q

serve the kidneys.

A

Renal (R. and L.) arteries

151
Q

Gonadal arteries in the female, serving ovaries

A

ovarian arteries

152
Q

Gonadal arteries in the male, serving testes

A

testicular arteries

153
Q

are several pairs of arteries serving the heavy muscles of the abdomen and trunk walls.

A

lumbar arteries

154
Q

is a small, unpaired artery supplying the second half of the large intestine.

A

inferior mesenteric artery

155
Q

are the final branches of the abdominal aorta.

A

common iliac arteries

156
Q

common iliac arteries which supplies the pelvic organs

A

internal iliac artery

157
Q

common iliac arteries which enters the thigh, where it becomes the

A

femoral artery

158
Q

The femoral artery and its branch, serve the thigh

A

deep artery of the thigh

159
Q

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the

A

popliteal artery

160
Q

The femoral artery and its branch, which supply the leg and foot

A

anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery

161
Q

supplies the dorsum of the foot.

A

arcuate artery

162
Q

Veins draining the head and arms empty into

A

superior vena cava

163
Q

deep veins draining the forearm

A

radial vein and ulnar vein

163
Q

Veins draining the lower body empty into

A

inferior vena cava

163
Q

radial vein and ulnar vein unite to form the deep

A

brachial vein

164
Q

drains the arm and empties

A

axillary vein

165
Q

provides for the superficial drainage of the lateral aspect of the arm and empties into the axillary vein

A

cephalic vein

166
Q

is a superficial vein that drains the medial aspect of the arm and empties into the brachial vein proximally.

A

basilic vein

167
Q

The basilic and cephalic veins are joined at the anterior aspect of the elbow by the

A

median cubital vein

168
Q

is often chosen as the site for withdrawing blood for the purpose of blood testing

A

median cubital vein

169
Q

receives venous blood from the arm through the axillary vein

A

subclavian vein

170
Q

receives venous blood from the skin and muscles of the head through the

A

external jugular vein

171
Q

drains the posterior part of the head.

A

vertebral vein

172
Q

drains the dural sinuses of the brain.

A

internal jugular vein

173
Q

are large veins that receive venous drainage from the subclavian, vertebral, and internal jugular veins on their respective sides.

A

brachiocephalic (R. and L.) veins

174
Q

single vein that drains the thorax and enters the superior vena cava just before it joins the heart.

A

azygos vein

175
Q

which is much longer than the superior vena cava, returns blood to the heart from all body regions inferior to the diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava

176
Q

drain the leg, calf and foot

A

anterior tibial vein and posterior tibial vein and the fibular vein

177
Q

are the longest veins in the body. They receive the superficial drainage of the leg.

A

great saphenous vein

178
Q

is formed by the union of the external iliac vein and the internal iliac vein

A

common iliac vein (L. and R.)

179
Q

drains the right ovary in females and the right testicle in males.

A

R. gonadal vein

180
Q

drains the left ovary in females and the left testicle in males.

A

L.gonadal vein

181
Q

drain the kidneys.

A

renal veins

182
Q

single vein that drains the digestive tract organs and carries this blood through the liver before it enters the systemic circulation.

A

hepatic portal vein

183
Q

drain the liver

A

hepatic (R. and L.) veins

184
Q

branches of the common carotid arteries, run through the neck and enter the skull through the temporal bone

A

internal carotid arteries

185
Q

pass upward from the subclavian arteries at the base of the neck.

A

vertebral arteries

186
Q

Within the skull, the vertebral arteries join
to form the single

A

basilar artery.

187
Q

supply the posterior part of the cerebrum, At the base of the cerebrum, the basilar artery divides to form

A

posterior cerebral arteries

188
Q

The anterior and posterior blood supplies of the brain are united by small

A

communicating arterial branches

189
Q

The result is a complete circle of connecting blood vessels, which surrounds the base of the brain called

A

cerebral arterial circle or the circle of Willis

190
Q

protects the brain by providing more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue in case ofa clot or impaired blood flow anywhere in the system.

A

The cerebral arterial circle

191
Q

veins that drain the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas and deliver this blood to the liver through the hepatic portal vein

A

hepatic portal circulation

192
Q

draining the terminal part of the large intestine, drains into the splenic vein

A

inferior mesenteric vein

193
Q

which drains the right side of the stomach, drains directly into the hepatic portal vein.

A

L. gastric vein

194
Q

These measurements, along with those of respiratory rate and body temperature, are referred to collectively as

A

vital signs

195
Q

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave that travels
through the entire arterial system

A

pulse

196
Q

is the pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels, and it is the force that keeps blood circulating continuously even between heartbeats

A

blood pressure

197
Q

Recall that the blood flows into the smaller arteries, then arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and finally back to the large venae cavae entering the right atrium of the heart

A

TRUE

198
Q

the pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction

A

systolic pressure

199
Q

the pressure when the ventricles are relaxing

A

diastolic pressure

200
Q

procedure is used to measure blood pressure in the brachial artery of the arm, systemic arterial blood pressure is measured indirectly by the

A

auscultatory method

201
Q

is the amount of friction the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels.

A

Peripheral resistance

202
Q

The major action of the sympathetic nerves on the vascular system is to cause narrowing of the blood vessels, which increases the blood pressure

A

vasoconstriction

203
Q

this activated when we stand up suddenly after lying down, gravity causes blood to pool very briefly in the vessels of the legs and feet,and blood pressure drops.

A

pressoreceptors, also called baroreceptors

204
Q

a chemical that increase both hearts rate and blood pressure

A

epinephrine

205
Q

or low blood pressure, is generally considered to be a systolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg or low blood pressure, is generally considered to be a systolic blood pressure below 100 mm Hg

A

hypotension

206
Q

Elderly people may experience temporary low blood pressure and dizziness when they rise suddenly from a reclining or sitting position

A

orthostatic hypotension

207
Q

may hint at poor nutrition and inadequate levels of blood proteins, blood viscosity is low, blood pressure is also lower than normal.

A

Chronic hypotension

208
Q

high blood pressure, is pathological and is defined as a condition of sustained elevated arterial pressure of140/90 or higher.

A

hypertension (high blood pressure)

209
Q

he kidneys release water in the urine If blood pressure is

A

too high

210
Q

Kidneys regulate blood pressure by

A

alternating blood volume

211
Q

he kidneys release renin to trigger formation of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, if the blood pressure is

A

too low

212
Q

stimulates release of aldosterone, which enhances sodium (and water) reabsorption by kidneys

A

Angiotensin II

213
Q

Systolic pressure ranges from

A

110 to 140 mm Hg

214
Q

Diastolic pressure ranges from

A

70 to 80 mm Hg

215
Q

Substances take various routes entering or leaving the blood

A
  1. Direct diffusion through membranes
  2. Diffusion through intercellular clefts (gaps between cells in the capillary wall)
  3. Diffusion through pores of fenestrated capillaries
  4. Transport via vesicles
216
Q

Fluid movement forces fluid and solutes out of capillaries

A

blood pressure

217
Q

Fluid movement draws fluid into capillaries

A

Osmotic pressure

218
Q

osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary bed, Blood pressure is

A

higher

219
Q

osmotic pressure at the venous end of the capillary bed, blood pressure is

A

lower

220
Q

Carries nutrients and oxygen from maternal blood to fetal blood

A

umbilical cord

221
Q

which carries nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood to the fetus

A

one umbilical vein

222
Q

which carry wastes and carbon dioxide–rich blood from the fetus to placenta

A

two umbilical arteries

223
Q

connects aorta and pulmonary trunk (becomes ligamentum arteriosum at birth)

A

ductus arteriosus

224
Q

Age-related problems associated with the cardiovascular system include:

A
  • Weakening of venous valves
  • Varicose veins
  • Progressive arteriosclerosis
  • Hypertension resulting from loss of elasticity of vessels
  • Coronary artery disease resulting from fatty, calcified deposits in the vessels

ANAPHY LECTURE (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions