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Flight Abdullah > Part 3 > Flashcards

Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does MONA stand for in AMI treatment?

A

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitro, ASA (Aspirin)

MONA is used to reduce preload and pain in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management.

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2
Q

Which leads on an EKG correlate with the Lateral area of infarct?

A

aVL, V5, V6

These leads help identify lateral wall ischemia or infarction.

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3
Q

What is the significance of a widened QRS complex in EKG?

A

Indicates Bundle Branch Block

A widened QRS (>0.12 sec) is characterized by ‘Rabbit Ears’ in V1.

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)?

A

Amplitude UP

RBBB is identified by a specific pattern on the EKG that shows increased amplitude.

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5
Q

What medication is used to reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand?

A

Beta Blockers

They should not be used in bifascicular blocks or bundle branch blocks.

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6
Q

What is the role of Heparin in AMI treatment?

A

Prevents fibrinogen conversion to fibrin

This helps decrease clot formation in the coronary arteries.

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7
Q

What is the primary treatment for pericarditis?

A

Colchicine (Colcrys)

This medication is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory properties.

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8
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

A

Progressive dyspnea, coughing up frothy sputum

These symptoms are indicative of heart failure and pulmonary congestion.

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9
Q

What does BNP stand for and what is its significance?

A

B-type Natriuretic Peptide

BNP levels help assess heart failure severity; higher levels indicate worse heart failure.

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10
Q

What is the initial treatment for Aortic Dissection?

A

β Blockers (Labetalol)

This helps manage blood pressure and reduce stress on the aorta.

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11
Q

What are the absolute contraindications for fibrinolytics?

A

Prior intracranial hemorrhage, known structural cerebral vascular lesion, recent ischemic stroke

These conditions increase the risk of bleeding complications.

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12
Q

What does PTCA stand for?

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

This is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed coronary arteries.

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13
Q

What is a common finding in patients with Aortic Aneurysm?

A

Outpouching of the aorta

Aneurysms may be asymptomatic until they reach a significant size.

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14
Q

What is a hallmark symptom of Endocarditis?

A

Sudden onset infection with NEW MURMUR

This condition often stems from IV drug use and can lead to severe complications.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: ACE inhibitors prevent __________ in post-MI patients.

A

ventricular remodeling

They help maintain heart function after myocardial infarction.

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16
Q

What is the function of the Swan-Ganz catheter?

A

Measures pressures in the pulmonary artery

It is used for hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients.

17
Q

What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

A

2 to 6 mmHg

CVP reflects right heart preload status.

18
Q

What is a common treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

A

Surgical ablation of the errant pathway

This condition can cause tachycardia due to an extra electrical circuit.

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Stable Angina?

A

Discomfort lasting 1 to 5 minutes, relieved by rest

It follows a predictable pattern and can be managed with nitroglycerin.

20
Q

True or False: Nitroprusside can be used as the first-line treatment for Aortic Dissection.

A

False

It causes reflex tachycardia, which can worsen the condition.

21
Q

What defines Variant (Prinzmetal’s) Angina?

A

Chest pain at rest with a circadian rhythm

It is most often seen in women and can occur during the early morning.

22
Q

What is the sequence of passage through the Swan-Ganz catheter?

A

Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery

This sequence is important for understanding the function of the Swan-Ganz catheter in measuring pressures.

23
Q

What does PAWP stand for?

A

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure

PAWP is measured to assess left heart preload and right heart afterload.

24
Q

What are the normal values for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

A

2 to 6 mmHg

CVP indicates right heart preload.

25
Q

What is the normal range for Right Ventricular (RV) pressure?

A

15-25 mmHg systolic, 0-5 mmHg diastolic

These values are crucial for evaluating right ventricular function.

26
Q

What is the normal range for Pulmonary Artery (PA) pressure?

A

15-25 mmHg systolic, 8-15 mmHg diastolic

PA pressure is an important indicator of pulmonary circulation status.

27
Q

What does a Wedge Waveform indicate?

A

Caused by inflation of the distal balloon, measures PAWP

This waveform is essential for determining pulmonary artery wedge pressure.

28
Q

What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO)?

A

4-6 L/min

CO is a critical measure of heart function.

29
Q

What is Coronary Perfusion Pressure (CPP) calculated as?

A

DBP - PCWP

CPP is vital for understanding myocardial perfusion.

30
Q

How is the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) timed?

A

Timed off of an EKG

This synchronization is crucial for maximizing coronary perfusion.

31
Q

What are the indications for using an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?

A
  • Acute MI with cardiogenic shock
  • Post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

IABP is used to support heart function in critical situations.

32
Q

What is the preferred patient position to prevent compression of the IVC during pregnancy?

A

Left Lateral Recumbent (LLR)

This position helps to improve venous return and fetal perfusion.

33
Q

What defines fetal tachycardia?

A

Heart rate above 160 BPM

Fetal tachycardia is often caused by maternal fever or sepsis.

34
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) range?

A

120-160 BPM

This range is considered normal for fetal well-being.

35
Q

What does early deceleration in fetal heart rate signify?

A

Mirrors contractions, associated with head pressed against cervix

Early decelerations are usually benign.

36
Q

What is a common cause of late decelerations in fetal heart rate?

A

Uteroplacental insufficiency

Late decelerations indicate potential fetal distress and require immediate attention.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) normal range is _______.

A

8-12 mmHg

PAWP is important for assessing left heart function.

38
Q

What are signs of imminent delivery?

A
  • Vaginal bleeding (bloody show)
  • Contractions < q10 min and increasing intensity
  • Urge to push
  • Crowning

Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely delivery management.

39
Q

What is the significance of variability in fetal heart rate monitoring?

A

Single most important predictor of fetal well-being

Normal variability indicates a healthy fetal response to stress.

Flight Abdullah (9 decks)

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