Part 3 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

What does MONA stand for in AMI treatment?

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitro, ASA (Aspirin)

MONA is used to reduce preload and pain in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) management.

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Which leads on an EKG correlate with the Lateral area of infarct?

aVL, V5, V6

These leads help identify lateral wall ischemia or infarction.

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What is the significance of a widened QRS complex in EKG?

Indicates Bundle Branch Block

A widened QRS (>0.12 sec) is characterized by ‘Rabbit Ears’ in V1.

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What are the characteristics of Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)?

Amplitude UP

RBBB is identified by a specific pattern on the EKG that shows increased amplitude.

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What medication is used to reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand?

Beta Blockers

They should not be used in bifascicular blocks or bundle branch blocks.

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What is the role of Heparin in AMI treatment?

Prevents fibrinogen conversion to fibrin

This helps decrease clot formation in the coronary arteries.

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What is the primary treatment for pericarditis?

Colchicine (Colcrys)

This medication is commonly used for its anti-inflammatory properties.

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What is the clinical presentation of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?

Progressive dyspnea, coughing up frothy sputum

These symptoms are indicative of heart failure and pulmonary congestion.

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What does BNP stand for and what is its significance?

B-type Natriuretic Peptide

BNP levels help assess heart failure severity; higher levels indicate worse heart failure.

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What is the initial treatment for Aortic Dissection?

β Blockers (Labetalol)

This helps manage blood pressure and reduce stress on the aorta.

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What are the absolute contraindications for fibrinolytics?

Prior intracranial hemorrhage, known structural cerebral vascular lesion, recent ischemic stroke

These conditions increase the risk of bleeding complications.

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What does PTCA stand for?

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

This is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed coronary arteries.

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What is a common finding in patients with Aortic Aneurysm?

Outpouching of the aorta

Aneurysms may be asymptomatic until they reach a significant size.

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What is a hallmark symptom of Endocarditis?

Sudden onset infection with NEW MURMUR

This condition often stems from IV drug use and can lead to severe complications.

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Fill in the blank: ACE inhibitors prevent __________ in post-MI patients.

ventricular remodeling

They help maintain heart function after myocardial infarction.

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What is the function of the Swan-Ganz catheter?

Measures pressures in the pulmonary artery

It is used for hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients.

What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

2 to 6 mmHg

CVP reflects right heart preload status.

What is a common treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome?

Surgical ablation of the errant pathway

This condition can cause tachycardia due to an extra electrical circuit.

What are the symptoms of Stable Angina?

Discomfort lasting 1 to 5 minutes, relieved by rest

It follows a predictable pattern and can be managed with nitroglycerin.

True or False: Nitroprusside can be used as the first-line treatment for Aortic Dissection.

False

It causes reflex tachycardia, which can worsen the condition.

What defines Variant (Prinzmetal’s) Angina?

Chest pain at rest with a circadian rhythm

It is most often seen in women and can occur during the early morning.

What is the sequence of passage through the Swan-Ganz catheter?

Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery

This sequence is important for understanding the function of the Swan-Ganz catheter in measuring pressures.

What does PAWP stand for?

Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure

PAWP is measured to assess left heart preload and right heart afterload.

What are the normal values for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

2 to 6 mmHg

CVP indicates right heart preload.

What is the normal range for Right Ventricular (RV) pressure?

15-25 mmHg systolic, 0-5 mmHg diastolic ## Footnote These values are crucial for evaluating right ventricular function.

What is the normal range for Pulmonary Artery (PA) pressure?

15-25 mmHg systolic, 8-15 mmHg diastolic ## Footnote PA pressure is an important indicator of pulmonary circulation status.

What does a Wedge Waveform indicate?

Caused by inflation of the distal balloon, measures PAWP ## Footnote This waveform is essential for determining pulmonary artery wedge pressure.

What is the normal range for Cardiac Output (CO)?

4-6 L/min ## Footnote CO is a critical measure of heart function.

What is Coronary Perfusion Pressure (CPP) calculated as?

DBP - PCWP ## Footnote CPP is vital for understanding myocardial perfusion.

How is the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) timed?

Timed off of an EKG ## Footnote This synchronization is crucial for maximizing coronary perfusion.

What are the indications for using an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)?

* Acute MI with cardiogenic shock * Post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) ## Footnote IABP is used to support heart function in critical situations.

What is the preferred patient position to prevent compression of the IVC during pregnancy?

Left Lateral Recumbent (LLR) ## Footnote This position helps to improve venous return and fetal perfusion.

What defines fetal tachycardia?

Heart rate above 160 BPM ## Footnote Fetal tachycardia is often caused by maternal fever or sepsis.

What is the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) range?

120-160 BPM ## Footnote This range is considered normal for fetal well-being.

What does early deceleration in fetal heart rate signify?

Mirrors contractions, associated with head pressed against cervix ## Footnote Early decelerations are usually benign.

What is a common cause of late decelerations in fetal heart rate?

Uteroplacental insufficiency ## Footnote Late decelerations indicate potential fetal distress and require immediate attention.

Fill in the blank: The pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) normal range is _______.

8-12 mmHg ## Footnote PAWP is important for assessing left heart function.

What are signs of imminent delivery?

* Vaginal bleeding (bloody show) * Contractions < q10 min and increasing intensity * Urge to push * Crowning ## Footnote Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely delivery management.

What is the significance of variability in fetal heart rate monitoring?

Single most important predictor of fetal well-being ## Footnote Normal variability indicates a healthy fetal response to stress.