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Flight Abdullah > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant temperature

P1V1 = P2V2. Affects ETT cuffs, MAST trousers, air splints, IV drip rates

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2
Q

What does Dalton’s Law state?

A

The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture

Pi = P1 + P2 + P3 + … + Pn. Responsible for soft tissue swelling at altitude.

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3
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A

At a constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2. Example: Oxygen tank gets hot when charged.

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4
Q

Describe Gay-Lussac’s Law.

A

Directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2. Example: Oxygen cylinder pressure drops overnight.

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5
Q

What is Graham’s Law?

A

Law of Gaseous Diffusion

The rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid medium is directly related to the solubility of the gas and inversely proportional to the square root of its density.

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6
Q

What does Henry’s Law explain?

A

The quantity of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid

Affects divers, can lead to decompression sickness ‘the bends’.

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7
Q

What is decompression sickness commonly known as?

A

‘The bends’

Related to Henry’s Law.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Type I decompression sickness?

A

Painful joints, mottled skin, pruritic symptoms

Nitrogen related, may feel like ‘ants crawling on the skin’.

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Type II decompression sickness?

A

Neurologic signs, hypovolemic shock, pulmonary ‘chokes’

Symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea.

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10
Q

What causes Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)?

A

Breath holding during ascent on a dive

Causes air to enter blood vessels, leading to ischemia.

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11
Q

What is the pressure at sea level?

A

760 torr or mmHg (1 ATM)

Every 33 feet underwater = 1 ATM.

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12
Q

What is the physiological zone in altitude physiology?

A

Sea Level to 10,000 ft MSL

Night vision decreases beginning at 5,000 ft MSL.

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13
Q

What happens in the physiologically deficient zone?

A

10,000 to 50,000 ft MSL requires oxygen or pressurization to survive

Sudden decompression significantly reduces time of useful consciousness.

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14
Q

What is the oxygen adjustment calculation formula?

A

(FiO2 x P1) / P2 = FiO2 required for ascent

FiO2 = Fraction of inspired oxygen.

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15
Q

What is hypemic hypoxia?

A

Reduction in the O2 carrying capacity of blood

Causes include anemia and hemorrhage.

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16
Q

What are the stages of hypoxia?

A
  • Indifferent
  • Compensatory
  • Disturbance
  • Critical

Indifferent stage is most important because reasoning abilities are still intact.

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17
Q

What is the #1 cause of crashes in aviation?

A

Weather

#2 cause is night flight.

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18
Q

What is the significance of the sterile cockpit rule?

A

Only essential communication during critical phases of flight

Applies during takeoff, landing, refueling, and taxi.

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19
Q

What is the maximum duty day under FAR Part 135?

A

14 hours

Applies to flying passengers for money.

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20
Q

What is the role of AMRM?

A

Distributes workload and involves all members in mission planning

Also referred to as Crew Resource Management (CRM).

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21
Q

What are the weather minimums for flying in mountainous areas during the day?

A

1,000 ft - 3 miles

Applies to cross country flights.

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22
Q

What is required for a pilot in command of a helicopter?

A

2,000 hours total flight time, 1,200 hours in a helicopter

Must be instrument rated.

23
Q

What is barodontalgia?

A

Tooth pain due to air trapped in fillings expanding on ascent

Also referred to as ‘Aerodontaligia’.

24
Q

What is barotitis?

A

Ear pain due to air pressure changes during descent

Caused by Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.

25
Q

What does VMC stand for?

A

Visual Meteorological Conditions

26
Q

True or False: Under VMC, a pilot can fly using instruments.

27
Q

What are Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)?

A

Conditions where weather does not allow safe flight by sight alone, requiring instrument use.

28
Q

Define IMC.

A

Instrument Meteorological Conditions

29
Q

What does IIMC stand for?

A

Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions

30
Q

What is a Hasty or Unsecured HLZ?

A

A landing zone that must have communication with the ground and is large enough to land, generally 100’ x 100’.

31
Q

What is the purpose of a high and low pass before landing at an HLZ?

A

To look for hazards on the HLZ.

32
Q

What is the recommended procedure if an aircraft experiences an engine failure?

A

Land immediately.

33
Q

List the steps in the pre-crash sequence.

A
  • Lay the patient flat
  • Turn off any oxygen
  • Secure seat belt
  • Sit up straight
  • Tighten helmet strap
  • Position knees together
  • Position feet flat on the floor
  • Cross arms on chest
  • Chin to chest
34
Q

What frequency does an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) transmit on?

35
Q

What is the upgraded transmit frequency for an ELT?

36
Q

What does EMTALA stand for?

A

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

37
Q

What is the ‘250 Yard rule’ under EMTALA?

A

If someone is injured within 250 yards of a hospital, they must be treated.

38
Q

What are the elements of Standard of Care in negligence?

A
  • Presence of duty
  • Breach of duty
  • Foreseeability
  • Causation
  • Injury
  • Damages
39
Q

What must be reported under the Duty to Report?

A
  • Child abuse
  • Elder abuse
  • Violent crime
40
Q

What does the acronym LEMON stand for in airway assessment?

A
  • Look
  • Evaluate 3-3-2
  • Mallampati classification
  • Obstructions
  • Neck Mobility
41
Q

Describe Mallampati I classification.

A

Soft palate, uvula, anterior/posterior tonsillar pillars visible.

42
Q

What is the gold standard for placement confirmation of an ETT?

A

Chest X-Ray

43
Q

What is the purpose of Sellick’s Maneuver during intubation?

A

To occlude the esophagus and prevent aspiration.

44
Q

What is the correct cuff inflation pressure for an ETT?

A

20-30 mmHg

45
Q

How does Capnography measure ETCO2?

A

By attaching an electronic device to the ETT.

46
Q

What is the purpose of the 7 P’s in intubation?

A
  • Preparation
  • Preoxygenate
  • Pretreatment
  • Paralysis with induction
  • Protect and position
  • Placement with proof
  • Post intubation management
47
Q

What is the role of Lidocaine in RSI pretreatment?

A

To blunt the cough reflex preventing ICP increase.

48
Q

What is the onset time for Succinylcholine?

A

1-2 minutes

49
Q

What are the signs of Malignant Hyperthermia?

A
  • Masseter spasm
  • Rapid increase in temperature
  • Increased ETCO2
  • Tachycardia
  • Mixed acidosis
50
Q

What is the dose for Vecuronium?

A

0.04-0.06 mg/kg IVP if following succinylcholine

51
Q

What is a key characteristic of Ketamine?

A

It preserves laryngeal reflexes.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: Propofol is known as ‘_______ of Amnesia’.

53
Q

What is the duration of action for Midazolam?

A

15-30 minutes

54
Q

What is the primary use of Atropine in infants?

A

To prevent reflexive bradycardia.

Flight Abdullah (9 decks)

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