PART 2: HYDROMETEOROLOGY

Question 1

the water cycle on the earth consisting of a continuous movement of moisture over, through, and beneath the surface

Answer 1

hydrologic cycle

Question 2

is varied form of moisture that occur in the atmosphere

Answer 2

precipitation

Question 3

quite uniform precipitation with drop less than 0.5mm in diameter

Answer 3

drizzle

Question 4

water particles as large as 7mm in diameter

Answer 4

rain

Question 5

grouping of small ice crystals (snowflakes)

Answer 5

snow

Question 6

forms when raindrops are falling through air having a temperature below freezing

Answer 6

sleet

Question 7

accumulating thin layer of ice

Answer 7

hail stone

Question 8

water at the soil surface by direct condensation and absorption from the atmosphere

Answer 8

dew

Question 9

measures the depth and intensity of rain falling on a flat surface

Answer 9

raingage

Question 10

vertical, cylindrical container with top openings 203 mm (8in) in diameter

Answer 10

raingage

Question 11

also known as a non-recording gage, has the same diameter at the rim as a standard non-recording rain gage

Answer 11

storage rain gage

Question 12

allows for continuous measurements of rainfall amounts, which then can be used to determine the time duration, intensity and amount of rainfall for each storm event

Answer 12

recording rain gage

Question 13

is used primarily for remotely measuring rainfall

Answer 13

tipping bucket rain gage

Question 14

generally should be located on a flat area, with the opening oriented so that the rainfall is measured in terms of depth that accumulates over a flat surface

Answer 14

rain gage

Question 15

recorded by individual rain gages in an area

Answer 15

arithmetic average

Question 16

weighted method

Answer 16

thiessen method

Question 17

lines of equal rainfall

Answer 17

isohyetal method

Question 18

entry of water into the soil surface; has high initial rate that diminishes with time

Answer 18

infiltration

Question 19

size of the particles that make-up the soil

Answer 19

soil factor

Question 20

surface sealing is reduced by vegetation and increases infiltration

Answer 20

vegetation

Question 21

a decay type function due to decrease in soil profile storage potential, washing of fine soil particles into the soil voids, and swelling of soil colloids and closing of soil cracks

Answer 21

horton equation

Question 22

transfer of liquid water into the atmosphere

Answer 22

evaporation

Question 23

process through which water vapor passes into the atmosphere through the tissues of living plants

Answer 23

transpiration

Question 24

consumptive use of crops

Answer 24

evapotranspiration

Question 25

recognizes the water moves away from evaporating and transpiring surface in response to turbulent gradient

Answer 25

mass transfer approach

Question 26

total annual runoff output

Answer 26

water yield

Question 27

total annual runoff output

Answer 27

water yield

Question 28

is a graphical or tabular representation of runoff rate against time

Answer 28

hydrograph

Question 29

time between the center of mass for a rainfall event and the peak streamflow rate

Answer 29

time to peak

Question 30

time between the center of mass for a rainfall event and the peak streamflow rate

Answer 30

time to peak

Question 31

preferred for measuring small watersheds, especially those in which the streamflows become quite low

Answer 31

weirs

Question 32

can be constructed from concrete treated wood, concrete blocks, and metals

Answer 32

weirs and flumes

Question 33

generally is a steel blade set into concrete

Answer 33

notch of a weir

Question 34

used in situations where sensitivity to low streamflows is not critical and where a sharp-crested weir might be damaged by sediment or other debris

Answer 34

broad-crested weir

Question 35

often used where accurate measurements of low streamflows are required

Answer 35

sharp-crested v-notch weir

Question 36

refers to the physical characteristics, dissolved chemical constituents, and bacteriological quality of water, with reference to a specific use

Answer 36

water quality

Question 37

found in both igneous and sedimentary rocks is leached readily into surface water and groundwater systems

Answer 37

sodium

Question 38

is a requirement for plant growth and is cycled by aquatic vegetation

Answer 38

potassium

Question 39

occurs naturally in water from the leaching of common igneous and sedimentary rocks

Answer 39

sulfur

Question 40

often are used to determine if water can be utilized for drinking, swimming, and other forms of human contact

Answer 40

bacteriological quality

Question 41

should not be used interchangeably with the word "standard" in water quality measures

Answer 41

criterion

Question 42

monitoring which is conducted to determine the effects of specific actions on water quality constituents

Answer 42

cause and effect monitoring

Question 43

monitoring undertaken to help a watershed manager if there are specific trends in water quality

Answer 43

baseline monitoring

Question 44

monitoring conducted to determine if specified water quality standards are being adhered to

Answer 44

compliance monitoring

Question 45

monitoring designed to indicate the existing water quality conditions

Answer 45

inventory monitoring

Question 46

the average conditions of weather patterns, over a period of years, as measured by rainfall...

Answer 46

climate

Question 47

a set of atmospheric conditions for a specified time

Answer 47

weather

Question 48

a measure of degree of hotness or coldness of the air

Answer 48

air temperature

Question 49

is mercury-filled and has a small constriction in the fine bore of the tube above the bulb

Answer 49

maximum thermometer

Question 50

alcohol-filled has a small glass index rod floating in the bore

Answer 50

minimum thermometer

Question 51

a continuous record of air temperatures frequently is an essential requirement in describing the climate of a region

Answer 51

thermograph

Question 52

is a ratio of the actual amount of water vapor in the air compared to the total amount of water vapor that is necessary for saturation

Answer 52

relative humidity

Question 53

used to measure relative humidity

Answer 53

psychrometer

Question 54

operate on the principle of cooling by evaporation

Answer 54

wet-and-bulb thermometers

Question 55

are instruments that measure and record the relative humidity on a continuous basis

Answer 55

hygrometers

Question 56

simultaneously and continuously measures and records the air temperature and RH

Answer 56

hyrgrothermograph

Question 57

the net loss of water from a surface surface by means of a change in the state of water from a liquid to a vapor

Answer 57

evaporation

Question 58

measurement of evaporation that is a technique widely used by plant ecologists

Answer 58

atmometer

Question 59

measures the transpiration rates of a plant often in employed by watershed managers

Answer 59

phytometer

Question 60

a direct measurement of actual evapotranspiration can be obtained by analyzing the water balance for a block of soil

Answer 60

lysimeter

Question 61

air in motion

Answer 61

wind

Question 62

instrument used to measure wind direction

Answer 62

wind vane

Question 63

refers to any instrument that measures radiation, regardless of the wavelength

Answer 63

radiometer

Question 64

____ if its flat receptor is sensitive to both hemispheres, and as a result, measures the radiant flux density between them - absorbs radiation of all wavelengths directed downward and upward

Answer 64

net radiometer

Question 65

is the amount of energy received on a unit surface in a unit of time

Answer 65

radiant flux density

Question 66

is equipped with a flat receptor that is open to only a hemisphere

Answer 66

total hemispherical radiometer

Question 67

consists of a glass globe that acts as a magnifying glass, focusing a beam of sunlight onto a special recording paper when the sunlight is sufficiently strong

Answer 67

sunshine duration