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CLIN PATH > Part 2 Block > Flashcards

Part 2 Block Flashcards

1
Q

Exists only as inorganic phosphate kr as organic phosphate ester.

A

Phosphate

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2
Q

Functions of Phosphate

A
  • Transfer of energy during metabolism (ATP)
  • Maintenance of pH of body fluids (P buffers)
  • Constituents of bones
  • Membrane structure (phospholipids)
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3
Q

4th most abundant cation

A

Mg

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4
Q

Normal Value of Mg

A

1.3 -2.1 mEq/L or 0.65- 1.05 mmol/L

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5
Q

Hormones regulates the level of Ca and phosphate

A

PTH, GH

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6
Q

Effect if there is a massive intake of solutes free fluid beer

A

Hyponatremia

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7
Q

Increase the reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney

A

GH

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8
Q

Stimulates the kidney to excretr phosphate while conserving Ca

A

PTH

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9
Q

Which of the following is TRUE in assay notes of Phosphates?

  • patient must be in the fasting state, if not, inorganic P will increase
  • Hemolyzed samples are avoided
  • RBC are riched in phosphate
  • Commercial heparin preparation is increased
  • levels of P have diurnal variation
  • higher values are obtained in the AM
  • usually Pt with hypercalcemia have hypophosphate
A

ALL

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10
Q

Proteins involved in the transport of Fe

A

Haptoglobin

Hemopexin

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11
Q

Form of Fe found in oxyHb and reduced Hb

A

Fe2+

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12
Q

Form of Fe found in ferritin, hemosiderin, transferrin and metHb

A

Fe3+

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13
Q

Normal range of Cu in normal adult body

A

80-120mg

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14
Q

Average daily intake of Cu

A

2.5mg

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15
Q

Factors increase Serum Fe except?

  • Increase RBC destruction
  • Ineffective/ decrease erythrocyte formation
  • Block in heme synthesis
  • Increase release of storage Fe
  • Increase intake/impaired control of Fe absorption
  • None
A

None

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

TIBC INCREASE = PLASMA TRANSFERRIN INCREASE

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Contains Vit B12

A

Cobalt

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18
Q

Help form the active sites of certain enzymes (xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, etc)

A

Molybdenum

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19
Q

Decreased when synthesis of transferrin is low

A

TIBC (TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY)

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20
Q

Essential trace element that is important as an activator of enzymes

A

Zinc

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21
Q

Component of TH thyroxine (T4) & T3 and regulatws the basal metabolic rate and for proper growth and development

A

Iodine

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22
Q

Important for wound healing

A

Zinc

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23
Q

Stabilizes the nucleic acid structure allowing synthesis of proteins

A

Nickel

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24
Q

Essential component of the glucose tolerance factor which helps maintain the normal insulin response to a glucose load

A

Chromium

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25
Q

Sensory receptors esp for taste and smell

A

Zinc

26
Q

Screening test for detecting Fe deficiency anemia and for monitorung the course of therapy

A

Zinc Protopophyrin/Heme Ration (ZP/H)

27
Q

Toxicity occurs after inhalation of this dust

A

Manganese

28
Q

Result in basal ganglia damage and produce both physiological and neurological effects.

A

Mn

29
Q

Factors affecting low Serum Fe

  • Decrease intakd of Fe
  • Accelerated loss of Fe
  • Impaired release of stored Fe from reticuloendothelial cells
  • All
A

All

30
Q

Component of the enzyme gluthione peroxidase

A

Selenium

31
Q

Hb is estimated to be ____ of the value of Ht

A

1/3

32
Q

In using CuSo4 Method for Hb estimation of Blood Donors, which of thr ff donors can be allowed to donate blood?

A

Blood sinks immediately

33
Q

This type of method os smeating is the best for screening Malarial parasites in blood

A

Thick smear

34
Q

Protects tissues from the damaging effects of peroxidases and other oxidants by decomposing them.

A

Selenium

35
Q

What are the reasons/conditions whdn a physivial should be requesting for a review on the pheripheral blood smear of his Pt?

  • To examine the morphology of the blood cells
  • To classify for type of immature cells, if present
  • To confirm the values in the CBC results
  • All
A

All

36
Q

Blood extraction was done on a female patient. Using the micro tube method, the height of the red cell column was 32mm while the whole blood column is 80mm. Interpret the Ht.

A

Normal

Ht = RBC column / whole blood column × 100

32/80 ×100= 40%
Normal=

37
Q

A parameter ued to define the affinity of Hb with O2

A

P50

38
Q

P50 value

A

40mmHg

39
Q

Affects the affinity of Hb with O2

A

Allosteric effectors

40
Q

The curve in this shape has lower O2 tension and the affinity of O2 and Hb is low

A

Sigmoid shape

41
Q

Shift to ___ where high pH, low DPG, low temp. What effect is this?

A

Shift to the left.

Haldane effect

42
Q

Low affinity O2 and are stabilized by many salt linkage/ionic bonds

A

T or taut structure (deoxyHb)

43
Q

In the lungs how much is O2 partial pressure?

A

100mmHg

44
Q

High Co2, high temp, high DPG, low pH

A

Bohr Effect

45
Q

High affinity for O2 and the salt linkages are broken allowing interaction witj Oxygen mol

A

R or relaxed structure (oxyHb)

46
Q

Favored in the lungs and O2 tension is high and allows uptake of O2 by the Hb mol

A

Relaxed form

47
Q

Allosteric Effectors includes

A
  • 2,3 DPG
  • pH
  • Co2
48
Q

Major product of the Luebering-Rapoport Shunt and most important in the peripheral tissues where O2 is needed.

A

2,3DPG

49
Q

Major buffer system in the body and that can be regulated by lungs

A

Bicarbonate Buffer

50
Q

After the lungs in the buffer system, the___ maintain body pH

A

Kidneys

51
Q

The slowest buffer system

A

Bicarbonate system

52
Q

The slowest buffer system bu can co.pletely conpensate for acid-bass imbalance

A

Bicarbonate system

53
Q

pKa of HCO3 buffer

A

6.1

54
Q

Acid-base balance is co trolled by chemical buffers primarily HCO3 and the what organ regulator/s.

A

Lungs & Kidney

55
Q

Calculate the pH

pCO2: 44mmHg
Total Co2- 29mmol/L
Cosntant-coeeficient of CO2 gas- 0.03mmol/L / mmHg

A

Dissolved CO2 conc.
44mmHg × 0.03mmol/L / mmHg
= 1.32mmol/L pCO2

HCO3 conc
=total CO2 - Co2 conc
= 29mmol/L - 32mmol/L
= 27.68mmol/L

pH=?
= 6.1 + log (HCO3/H2CO3)
= 6.1 + log (HCO3 / pCO3)
= 601 + log (27.68mmol/L / 1.32 mmol/L)
= 7.42
log=0.87
56
Q

Cause of High Aterial Gas

A
  • Lactic Acidosis
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Renal failure
  • Ingestions
  • Infusions
  • Pyroglutamic acidemia
  • Massice rhabdomyolysis
57
Q

Normal ratio of Handerson-Hasselbach equation fkr H+ Homeostasis

A

20:1

58
Q

HCO3 is primarily defective, the condition is classified as

A

Metabolic

59
Q

Level of carbonic acid is primarily defective , the condition is classified as

A

Respiratory

60
Q

Causes of non-AG metabolic acidosis

  • acid load
  • chronic renal failure
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • ureteroenterostomy
  • expansion/extra-dimentation
  • diarrhea
A

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CLIN PATH (19 decks)

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