2ND ASSESSMENT Flashcards
Complete the following statements:
1-3) As oxygen is delivered by the red blood cells to the tissues, the (1) ______ charged (2) _____ fits into a
(3)______ charged crevice formed by the four chains of the hemoglobin molecule.
(1) negatively charged
(2) 2,3-BPG fits into a
(3) positive charged
4-5) In the peripheral tissues, (4) \_\_\_\_\_\_ diffuses out of the red blood cells, accompanied by the exchange of (5) \_\_\_\_\_ into the red blood cells.
(4) bicarbonates
(5) chloride
6-8) (6) ____ diffuses into red blood cells where it reacts with water to form (7) ______, which after catalysis, readily splits into hydrogen ions and (8) _____
(6) CO2
(7) carbonic
(8) bicarbonate
In the presence of specifically the amino acid, (9) _____, the dissociation & excretion of hydrogen
ions from dihydrogen phosphate in the kidney is important , with a pKa of (10) ____.
(9) glutamine
(10) 6.8
The (11) ____ structure in the form of (12) _____ has a high affinity for oxygen, while the (13)____ structure, in the form of (14) _____ has a low affinity for oxygen.
(11) relax
(12) oxyhemoglobin
(13) taut
(14) deoxyhemoglobin
The pO2 value in the peripheral tissues:
40 mmHg
Normally the levels of bicarbonate and carbonic acid are maintained at a ratio of ____________.
20:1
Once the hemoglobin molecule has started binding with oxygen, its affinity for the succeeding oxygen molecules increases. This is known as the?
cooperative effects
An increased P50 means that the affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen.
lowers
This is the ONLY condition that allows the Physician to do Arterial Blood Extraction:
cannulation of the vessel anticipated
Physiologic effects of alkalosis EXCEPT: • arrhythmias • increased neuromuscular excitability • increased bone resorption • inhibition of respiratory drive
increased bone resorption
This is NOT among the causes of Hypoventilation leading to Respiratory Acidosis: • neuromuscular disorders • disorders of the chest wall • acute airway obstruction. • chronic obstructive lung disease • acid volume contraction
acid volume contraction
Given an arterial blood with pCO2 of 40mmHg and a total of CO2 of 30mmol/L. Determine the HCO3- concentration.
14.6 mmol/L
A patient just turned 22years old today. He asked you as his Attending Physician how many liters of Free Pure Oxygen has he inhaled thus far:
4,416,500L
This is NOT among the physiologic effects of acidosis:
hypokalemia
Respiratory alkalosis is very commonly induced by the following EXCEPT: • liver failure • aspirin intoxication • sepsis • CNS depression
CNS depression
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes will NOT result to Metabolic acidosis?
• increased in what body perceives as stressors
• increased loss of bicarbonate
• increased production of nonvolatile acids
• decreased renal excretion of acid
decreased renal excretion of acid
This is the major product of the Luebering-Rapoport pathway which is predominant in red blood cells.
2,3 bis-phosphoglycerate
P50 values refer to the following EXCEPT:
• the other oxygen molecule has been delivered to the tissues
• oxygen partial pressure in the lungs
• the affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen
• the partial pressure at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen
the other oxygen molecule has been delivered to the tissues
In the collecting tubule, hydrogen ion secretion is mediated by a H+ ATPase pump in the luminal membrane and a Cl-HCO3- exchanger in the basolateral membrane, through the following process:
Type A cells secrete H+ into tubular lumen
Match each item to a choice:
chronic respiratory alkalosis
acute respiratory acidosis,
chronic respiratory acidosis
elevated PaCO2 & low pH
• low PaCO2 & pH level near normal
• elevated PaCO2 & pH near normal
elevated PaCO2 & low pH - acute respiratory acidosis
• low PaCO2 & pH level near normal - chronic respiratory alkalosis
• low PaCO2 & high pH
• elevated PaCO2 & pH near normal - chronic respiratory acidosis
Normal Ranges. pO2: HCO3-: O2 sat: pH: pCO2: Choices: • 24-26mEq/L • 7.35-7.45 • 95-100% • 80-100mmHg • 35-45mmHg
pO2: 80-100mmHg HCO3-: 24-26mEq/L O2 sat: 95-100% pH: 7.35-7.45 pCO2: 35-45mmHg
pH<7.4 HCO3>26 PCO2>45 DIAG?
Disorders of Hydrogen Ion Homeostasis:
Respiratory Acidosis Compensated
pH<7.4 HCO3>26 PCO2>45 DIAG — CAUSES?
What is the CAUSE?
pneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
