Part 125 Flashcards
What type of aeroplane does this part consider?
Having a PASSENGER SEATING configuration of 10-30 SEATS OR;
With a PAYLOAD CAPACITY of 3410kg or LESS AND a MCTOW GREATER than 5700kg OR;
To PERFORM SEIFR PASSENGER operation
What is an air operation considered as?
AIR TRANSPORT OR COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT operation using:
An aeroplane having a SEATING CONFIGURATION of 10 to 30 seats, EXCLUDING any required FLIGHT CREW MEMBER SEAT, OR a PAYLOAD CAPACITY of 3410 kg or LESS and a MCTOW of GREATER than 5700 kg OR;
A SINGLE ENGINE aeroplane to PERFORMANCE an SEIFR passenger operation
What are the rules around grace periods in 125?
If a CREW MEMBER completes a TEST/CHECK FLIGHT/ASSESSMENT required under SUBPART I, J or M WITHIN 60 days BEFORE it is REQUIRED, they are deemed to have COMPLETED on the DATE which is REQUIRED
When can you perform a SEIFR passenger operation under 125?
HOLDER shall NOT UNLESS:
The SEIFR PASSENGER operation is SPECIFIED in certificate HOLDER’S OPERATION SPECIFICATIONS under 119.15 AND;
The OPERATION is PERFORMED in ACCORDANCE with the REQUIREMENTS in part 125 AND;
The aeroplane used has a PASSENGER SEATING configuration of 14 SEATS or LESS EXCLUDING CREW MEMBER SEAT and PAYLOAD CAPACITY of 3410kg or LESS
What are the requirements of aircraft airworthiness under 125?
HOLDER must ensure:
Every aeroplane in AIR OPERATION has a CURRENT STANDARD CATEGORY airworthiness CERTIFICATE;
Every aeroplane that is operated as SEIFR PASSENGER is CERTIFIED as a TURBINE POWERED aeroplane AND for IFR FLIGHT AND COMPLY with AIRWORTHINESS standards EQUIVALENT to at least FAR 23 AMD 8;
The PROPELLER, ENGINE and ACCESSORIES have a MINIMUM 100,000 HOURS TIME-IN-SERVICE in SAME TYPE of aeroplane AND with SAME PROPELLER, ENGINE and ACCESSORIES a demonstrated MECHANICAL IFSD RATE of NOT MORE than 1 per 100,000 HOURS
When is a SEIFR proving flight conducted? Why?
If a SEIFR PASSENGER operation is INTENDED to be conducted where it is NOT already SPECIFIED in the the CERTIFICATE HOLDER’S operations SPECIFICATIONS under 119.15;
Used to SATISFY DIRECTOR that it can MEET any relevant REQUIREMENTS prescribed in THIS OR any OTHER PART
What are the common language requirements?
HOLDER shall ensure:
ALL CREW members can COMMUNICATE in a COMMON LANGUAGE with ATLEAST 1 CREW member being able to communicate in ENGLISH;
ALL OPERATIONAL PERSONAL are able to UNDERSTAND the LANGUAGE in which the APPLICABLE parts of certificate HOLDERS EXPOSITION are WRITTEN
What are the flight plan requirements?
When is a flight plan not required?
PRIOR to each AIR OPERATION a FLIGTH PLAN appropriate to TYPE of flight is prepared and SUBMITTED by PIC/HOLDER to appropriate ATS UNIT, if NOT prepared by PIC, the PIC must be INFORMED of the CONTENTS of FLIGHT PLAN BEFORE intended operation;
VFR FLIGHT PLAN prepared in ACCORDANCE with part 91 MAY have MULTIPLE ROUTE SEGMENTS provided the SARTIME is AMENDED for the next AERODROME of intended LANDING as the flight proceeds;
A FLIGHT PLAN NOT REQUIRED to be submitted to ATS UNIT for AIR OPERATION under VFR if operation is NON-STOP and flight DEPARTS and RETURNS to SAME aerodrome and flight remains WITHIN 25nm of aerodrome but must be COVERED by FLIGHT FOLLOWING SERVICE
What are the general requirements for emergency equipment?
What is the specific requirements for a certain type of flight?
HOLDER shall have INFORMATION about the EMERGENCY and SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT carried on board to give IMMEDIATELY to rescue coordination centres;
For flights in EXCESS of 50nm from SHORE the INFORMATION includes:
NUMBER, COLOUR, TYPE of LIFE RAFT AND;
Whether PYROTECHNICS are CARRIED AND;
Details of EMERGENCY MEDICAL and WATER supplies AND;
TYPE and OPERATING FREQUENCIES of any emergency PORTABLE RADIO equipment
What must the fuel requirements be based upon?
PROCEDURES, TABLES, and GRAPHS from manufacturers MANUAL;
Operating CONDITIONS the flight is to be conducted in:
NORMAL aeroplane FUEL CONSUMPTION data;
Anticipated WEIGHT;
Expected METEOROLOGICAL conditions;
ATS REQUIREMENTS and RESTRICTIONS;
Geographical LOCATION of DESTINATION aerodrome;
Effect of FUEL CONSUMPTION of IDENTIFIED CONTINGENCIES
What factors must the calculation of usable fuel be based upon?
TAXI fuel; TRIP fuel; RESERVE fuel including: CONTINGENCY fuel; ALTERNATE fuel; FINAL RESERVE fuel; ADDITIONAL fuel
What are the requirements of a flight check system?
Provide INSTRUCTIONS and GUIDELINES for SAFE and EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT of flight deck;
Specify METHODS to be used to ensure SAFE CONDUCT of the flight;
PROCEDURES and CHECKLISTS that comply with aeroplane FLIGHT MANUAL and MANUFACTURERS TECHNICAL and SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS;
EXPANDED CHECKLISTS in the operations MANUAL;
SCAN CHECKS;
ABBREVIATED CHECKLISTS for quick reference, including EMERGENCY procedures;
When SEIFR PASSENGER, procedure for when a person REMOVES CRITICAL item during PREFLIGHT another person AUTHORISED by HOLDER checks the item has been REPLACED in accordance with FLIGHT MANUAL BEFORE FLIGHT
When must a crew member use a checklist?
Used in accordance with FLIGHT CHECK SYSTEM:
BEFORE, DURING and AFTER every phase of operation;
In NON-NORMAL and EMERGENCY situation
What requirements are there to ensure passenger safety?
HOLDER must ensure:
Passengers are SEATED, where in EMERGENCY, will NOT HINDER EVACUATION;
Passengers APPEARING under the INFLUENCE by ALCOHOL or DRUGS or exhibits BEHAVIOURAL characteristics that may ENDANGER the SAFETY is REFUSED EMBARKMENT or REMOVED from the aeroplane;
DISABLED passengers are appropriately CARED FOR, including appropriate SEATING and HANDLING during EMERGENCY;
ESCORTED passengers do NOT constitute SAFETY HAZARD TO other PASSENGERS or AEROPLANE and PRIOR ARRANGEMENTS for their carriage are in accordance with the EXPOSITION;
PIC is NOTIFIED when DISABLED or ESCORTED passenger is ON BOARD
What are the requirement of flight compartment admission?
HOLDER shall ensure NO PERSON other than CREW assigned to flight is ADMITTED to or CARRIED in flight COMPARTMENT or PILOT SEAT UNLESS the person is PERMITTED by PIC and is:
CREW MEMBER OR;
Authorised REPRESENTATIVE of DIRECTOR OR;
PERMITTED by HOLDER in ACCORDANCE with the EXPOSITION;
Each person admitted to FLIGHT COMPARTMENT or PILOT SEAT are FAMILIARISED with SAFETY PROCEDURES in the EXPOSITION
What are the requirements for manipulation of controls?
HOLDER must ensure NO person shall MANIPULATE the controls of an aeroplane in an AIR OPERATION UNLESS they are:
A FLIGHT CREW member;
An authorised REPRESENTATIVE of the DIRECTOR who has the PERMISSION of HOLDER and PIC and PERFORMING REQUIRED DUTY
What are the requirements of a cockpit voice recorder?
Operated CONTINUOUSLY from the START of the CHECKLIST BEFORE ENGINE START until completion of FINAL CHECKLIST at TERMINATION of FLIGHT;
If aeroplane is EQUIPPED to record the uninterrupted audio signals received from a BOOM OR a MASK MICROPHONE, BOOM microphones are USED BELOW 10000ft altitude;
If the cockpit voice recorder has an ERASURE feature, that feature must NOT be USED EXECPT for MAINTENANCE purposes OR for a SAFETY INVESTIGATION
What are the requirements of a flight data recorder?
Operated CONTINUOUSLY from the INSTANT the aeroplane BEGINS to MOVE UNDER its OWN POWER until it has come to a COMPLETE STOP at the TERMINATION of the flight;
RECORDS and STORES at least the last 25 HOURS of its operation in DIGITAL FORM;
NOT MORE than 1 HOUR of recorded DATA is ERASED for the PURPOSE of TESTING the flight RECORDER system, OR following a SAFETY INVESTIGATION;
ANY ERASURE is of the OLDEST recorded DATA accumulated at the TIME of TESTING or SAFETY INVESTIGATION AND RECORDED in the appropriate MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION
Can an aeroplane be refuelled/defuelled with passengers boarding?
When operating in accordance with 119, may REFUEL/DEFUEL with 3.1C OR 3.1D FLAMMABLE LIQUID when a person is EMBARKING or DISEMBARKING provided the PERSON OPERATING AEROPLANE ensures that SAFETY and aeroplane EVACUATION PRECAUTIONS are taken in accordance with the HOLDERS EXPOSITION
Can an aeroplane be refuelled/defuelled with propulsion engines running?
When operating in accordance with 119, may REFUEL/DEFUEL with CLASS 3.1C OR 3.1D FLAMMABLE LIQUID with ONE OR MORE PROPULSION ENGINES RUNNING provided EVERY PASSENGER is disembarked under SUPERVISION of CREW member and is CLEAR of immediate area BEFORE REFUELLING/DEFUELLING commences AND PIC is RESPONSIBLE for EVERY PART of the operation
What are the requirements for use of an aerodrome where operation is a regular air transport service operating to, from, or outside of New Zealand?
What if it does not meet this requirement?
Each RUNWAY END has a RESA of 90m in NZ and 150m OVERSEAS;
HOLDER must ENSURE that the take-off and landing PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS for the aeroplane are BASED on a REDUCTION of the appropriate DECLARED DISTANCES for the runway to provide the EQUIVALENTS of the RESA REQUIRED
What are the requirements to use an aerodrome not promulgated in the NZAIP?
AERODROME DATA;
PROCEDURES to ENSURE that the CONDITION of the aerodrome is SAFE for the OPERATION of the aeroplane;
PROCEDURES to ENSURE that the CONDITION of any REQUIRED EQUIPMENT, including SAFETY equipment, is SAFE for the OPERATION of the aeroplane;
DETAILS of any LIMITATIONS on the USE of the AERODROME
What are the specific dimensions for use of an aerodrome for a day VFR operation that uses an aeroplane with a MCTOW of 5700kg?
HOLDER ensures does NOT take place UNLESS:
WIDTH that is AT LEAST TWICE the OUTER MAIN GEAR wheel SPAN of the aeroplane;
Surface WITHOUT IRREGULARITIES and of SUFFICIENT STRENGTH for take-off and landing for the aeroplane being used;
The WIDTH of the RUNWAY STRIP SURROUNDING the RUNWAY being used is AT LEAST 2 and a HALF times the WING SPAN of the aeroplane, OR 30 m, whichever is GREATER
What is the rules surrounding SEIFR?
NO person shall perform a CTO carrying PASSENGERS SEIFR
What are the requirements for extended over water flight operations?
HOLDER must ensure is NOT operated on EXTENDED over WATER operation UNLESS:
The operation is conducted under IFR;
CREW members are TRAINED in DITCHING PROCEDURES for the aeroplane;
A RISK ASSESSMENT has been made to DETERMINE the risks to the SURVIVAL of the OCCUPANTS of the aeroplane in the EVENT of a DITCHING taking into account the operating ENVIRONMENT and the CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
What is the requirement for night operations?
When can this be changed?
MUST PERFORM the operation under IFR;
Can PERFORM under VFR if:
HOLDER has ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES for flight at NIGHT under VFR;
HOLDER operation SPECIFICATIONS AUTHORISES flight at NIGHT under VRF;
Flight DEPARTS from and ARRIVES at SAME AERODROME;
Operation is WITHIN 25nm of AERODROME and a HEIGHT NOT LESS than 3000ft AGL;
NOT LESS than CEILING of 3000ft AGL and NOT LESS than 16km VISIBILITY;
PIC holds a CURRENT ATPL;
Each CREW member holds CURRENT INSTRUMENT RATING;
Aircraft is EQUIPPED in accordance with NIGHT VRF INSTRUMENTS and EQUIPMENT, IFR INSTRUMENTS and EQUIPMENT, IFR COMMUNICATION and NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT (91.511/17/19);
Performed in accordance with ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES set by HOLDER
What must the holder conducting SEIFR passenger operations ensure?
For each aerodrome to be used, PROVIDE ROUTE GUIDE to PIC with DETAILS of CONTINGENCY OPTIONS available to assist with OBSTACLE CLEARANCE, ALTERNATIVE ROUTES to intended runway, and MINIMUM HEIGHT and GLIDE PROFILE necessary to reach runway in event of ENGINE POWER LOSS during INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE OR APPROACH;
PROGRAMME established to ensure EARLY IDENTIFICATION and PREVENTION of SEIFR PROBLEMS including RECORDING of event that is POTENTIAL RISK to the SAFETY, RECORDING occasions when aeroplane was NOT DISPATCHED for SEIFR PAX due to WEATHER BELOW planning minima and ALTERNATE, MAINTENANCE of a DATABASE designed to ACCESS RELIABILITY of the aeroplane and its systems, and COMPLIANCE with ENGINE MANUFACTURERS extended maintenance PROGRAMME;
DATABASE contains NUMBER of SEIFR PAX flights each MONTH, details of any DIVERSION from PLANNED SEIFR PAX operation, and NUMBER of OCCASIONS when an aeroplane was NOT DISPATCHED on SEIFR PAX due to UNSERVICEABILITY;
INFO required by PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS is REVIEWED each calendar MONTH with QUALITY assurance PROGRAMME and any CORRECTIVE/PREVENTIVE actions are RECORDED;
INFO and RECORDS required by PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS are provided to DIRECTOR each calendar MONTH except AFTER 6 MONTHS the information may be EXTENDED to ONCE every 3 MONTHS if APPROVED by director. DIRECTOR may APPROVE EXTENSION of RECORDS is it will NOT COMPROMISE SAFETY;
Each SUBPART I TRAINING syllabus INTEGRATES any IFR experience in MULTI ENGINE aeroplane and any VFR experience in a SINGLE ENGINE aeroplane into the SEIFR PAX operation, CONDUCT or AVOID SEIFR PAX in ICING conditions, CONDUCT SEIFR PAX at NIGHT, appropriate ACTION in event of NON-NORMAL WARNING or INDICATION
What are the meteorological conditions to perform an air operation VFR?
Must NOT commence UNLESS CURRENT REPORTS or combination of CURRENT REPORTS and FORECASTS indicate VFR minima in PART 91 and below can be COMPLIED with along ROUTE or part of ROUTE to be flown VFR;
PIC in air operation OUTSIDE of CONTROLLED airspace VFR must ensure NO LESS than 1000ft CEILING and NO LESS than 5km VISIBILITY and FLY BENEATH ceiling CLEAR of CLOUD in CONTINUOUS sight of GROUND/WATER and NOT FLY ABOVE MORE than SCATTERED cloud
What are the rules for operation above scattered cloud VFR?
PIC must NOT perform AIR OPERATION ABOVE more than SCATTERED cloud UNLESS aeroplane:
Meets the requirements for IFR and the MINIMUM NUMBER of flight CREW required for IFR, holding CURRENT INSTRUMENT RATINGS are at CONTROLS:
EQUIPPED with OPERATIVE instruments and equipment, including radio navigation equipment, that are REQUIRED for IFR;
Capable, with 1 ENGINE INOPERATIVE, of maintaining a NET flight PATH that has a POSITIVE SLOPE at 1000ft ABOVE CLOUD;
Carries RADIO NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT enabling it to be NAVIGATED by IFR to an aerodrome where an INSTRUMENT APPROACH procedure may be carried out for landing;
Carries SUFFICIENT FUEL and RESERVES to proceed by IFR to an aerodrome where an INSTRUMENT APPROACH procedure may be carried out FOR LANDING
What are the rules for commencement of an air operation under IFR?
PIC must NOT UNLESS CURRENT REPORTS or combination of REPORTS and FORECASTS indicate meteorological CONDITIONS at the applicable destination aerodrome at the ETA will be AT OR ABOVE the MINIMA PUBLISHED in the applicable AIP for the INSTRUMENT PROCEDURE likely to be USED at that aerodrome
When must a PIC not pass a final approach fix / final approach segment?
If, BEFORE passing the final approach FIX OR before commencing the final approach SEGMENT, CURRENT METEOROLOGICAL information indicates that the VISIBILITY at the aerodrome is less than the visibility published in the applicable AIP for the instrument APPROACH procedure being USED
What are the departure limitations for IFR?
NOT COMMENCED when weather conditions are AT OR ABOVE TAKE OFF MINIMA requirements under 91.413 and are BELOW authorised IFR LANDING MINIMA requirements prescribed under 91.413, UNLESS the aeroplane is a MULIT ENGINE aeroplane and there is an APPROPRIATE AERODROME:
For a 2 ENGINE aeroplane, within a MAXIMUM of 1 HOUR FLYING time, in STILL AIR at ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE cruising SPEED, of the aerodrome of DEPARTURE OR;
For an aeroplane having 3 OR MORE ENGINES, within a MAXIMUM of 2 HOURS FLYING time, in STILL at 1 ENGINE INOPERATIVE cruising SPEED, of the aerodrome of DEPARTURE
When may reduced takeoff be commenced?
If the HOLDER ensures the operation is CONDUCTED in accordance with REDUCED takeoff MINIMA in EXPOSITION;
Every flight CREW member is QUALIFIED for REDUCED MINIMA TAKE OFF;
The RUNWAY to be used has CENTRE LINE MARKING or LIGHTING;
REDUCED take-off MINIMA on the runway to be used are PUBLISHED in the applicable AIP;
If the aeroplane is a 2 ENGINE PROPELLER driven aeroplane, the aeroplane is EQUIPPED with an operative AUTO FEATHER or AUTO COARSE system;
The runway VISIBILITY is ESTABLISHED using RVR; and
The METHOD for OBSERVING and CONFIRMING that the required VISIBILITY exists for take-off is ACCEPTABLE to the Director
