part 11

Question 1

bactericidal inhibitor of protein synthesis?

Answer 1

aminoglycosides

Question 2

The higher the concentration of amino glycoside dose………

Answer 2

the more rapidly the infection will clear

Question 3

Can aminoglycosides go into the GI tract?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

What might aminoglycosides be combined with?

Answer 4

vancomycin

Question 5

Can ahminoglycosides be topical?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

What is the major adverse effect of aminoglycosides and what are the manifestations?

Answer 6

• ototoxicity

- tinnitus, high frequency hearing loss, persistent HA, nausea, unsteadiness, dizziness, vertigo

Question 7

What is the aminoglycoside gentamicin used for?

Answer 7

serious infections

Question 8

Why is the aminoglycoside gentamicin a good choice?

Answer 8

• cost effective

- but resistance is increasing

Question 9

What are some concerns with the aminoglycoside gentamicin?

Answer 9

• toxicity to kidney and inner ear
• should not mix with penicillins in the same IV solution
• peak and trough
• RENAL!! dose may need to be reduced depending on renal function

Question 10

What do you need to monitor for a pt on an aminoglycoside?

Answer 10

peak and trough

Question 11

• broad spectrum

- encourages host immune system to take charge

Answer 11

sulfanamides

Question 12

What are sulfonamides primarily used to treat?

Answer 12

UTI’s (primarily sue to E.coli)

Question 13

What are the hypersensitivity reactions that are relatively common with sulfonamides?

Answer 13

• rash
• drug fever
• photosensitivity
• steven johnson syndrome (rare but high mortality)

Question 14

What are some signs of steven johnson syndrome and what should we do if these signs develop?

Answer 14

• fever, malaise, toxemia

- if rash develops we must stop the sulfonamides

Question 15

What drugs are contraindicated to take with sulfonamides?

Answer 15

• thiazide diuretics
• loop diuretics
• sulfonylurea-type oral hypoglycemics (sulfa based)
• warfarin
• phenytoin

Question 16

What are some adverse effects of sulfonamides?

Answer 16

• hypersensitivity reactions: rash
• hematological effects: anemia, jaundice, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
• kernicterus: disorder of newborns caused by deposition of bilirubin in the brain.
• renal damage from crystalluria
• forms crystalline aggregates in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Question 17

What are the age constraints for newborns and pregnant women in regards to sulfonamides?

Answer 17

-do not give to infants younger than 2 months or pregnant women after 32 weeks or breast feeding

Question 18

What is important to encourage a pt to do when taking sulfonamides?

Answer 18

• drinking 8-10 glasses of water a day

- encourage urinary output of at least 1200 mL

Question 19

What are the preparations for sulfonamide?

Answer 19

• systemic

- topical (silveradene)