Part 1: Intro Flashcards
Parts of the Value Chain (w/ examples)
Agencies: environmental certificates
Tour operators: Specialized/mainstream
Service providers: Airlines/cruises
Destinations: animal welfare/Co2 compensation
Hotels: Hotel mngt/Ecology
Effects human have on the earth (negative)
Critical resources becoming scarce
Ecosystem increasingly degraded
Pollution/waste (difficult to absorb)
Four major tourism implications in degradations
Global water use
Conversion of lands for infrastructure
Global food Consumption
Emissions of Greenhouse gasses
** note: tourism dependent on energy - almost all from fossil fuels **
BUCKLEY’s five aspects
Parks
Pollution
Prosperity
Peace
Population
** note: peace and population most difficult to reach **
Elements of Sustainability
Econ, Enviro, Social
Goals of Enviro Sustainability
Preserve nature/environment for future generations
(through conservation of biodiversity, reduce climate change, maintenance of culture/natural areas in original from, careful use of natural environment)
Examples of measurable/quantifiable factors for Enviro sustainability:
Efficiency of global resource use
Consideration of ecological CC (carry capacity)
Improvement of enviro quality
Reduction of consumption of raw material/energy
Enviro Positive Effects (Sustainability)
Build ecological understanding/sensitivity Tourism supporting nature parks/biospheres
Enviro Negative Effects (Sustainability)
Infrastructural - destruction on landscape, effects on sensitive biospheres
Activity related - Physical destruction, use of resources, waste
Emissions - GHG, Pollution
Goals of Social Sustainability
Development of local society that enables participation for every member (balance of social forces, long-term sustainable/livable society)
Examples of measurable/quantifiable factors for socio sustainability:
Right of decent life for all
Careful use of human/social resources
Distributive justice: quality of life/basic social goods
Possibilities of satisfying human needs
Social Positive effects (Sustainability)
Intercultural understanding
protection/preservation of cultural heritage/traditions
Local pride and self-determination
Social negative effects (Sustainability)
Acculturation, cultural conformity
“Airport art”
Child prostitution
Petit thefts, begging
“Staged authenticity”
Migration
“Internal conflicts for resources/wealth
Goals of Economic Sustainability
Employ existing resources optimally so that responsible/beneficial balance can be achieved over long-term (Protection of econ resources from exploitation)
Examples of measurable/quantifiable factors for Econ Sustainability:
Efficiency of econ system
Full employment/social protection
Econ efficiency/innovation skills
International econ stability
