parkinsonism

Question 1

Dopamine receptor 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4. agonist

Answer 1

Levodopa

Question 2

Levodopa is converted to dopamine by _____

Answer 2

aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase

Question 3

Levodopa is converted to _______ by catechol-O-methyltransferase

Answer 3

3-O-methyldopa

Question 4

Once levodopa is converted to dopamine, it is converted to sulfated or glucuronidated metabolites ______ or _______

Answer 4

epinephrine or homovanillic acid

Question 5

levo dopa should be given with a ______ to avoid ______

Answer 5

peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor

anorexia and nausea and vomiting occur in about 80% of patients.

Question 6

what other effects can Levodopa cause ?

Answer 6

cardiovascular effects and behavioral effects

Question 7

Drug that may lower prolactin and interfere with lactation

Answer 7

Levodopa

Question 8

is characterized by compulsive overuse of dopaminergic medication as well as by other impulsive behaviors

Answer 8

dopamine dysregulation syndrome

Question 9

drug that can cause punding (OCD behaviors)

Answer 9

Levodopa

Question 10

drug that can cause on-off phenomenon

Answer 10

levodopa

Question 11

drug that inhibits aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) , and does not cross BBB

Answer 11

Carbidopa

Question 12

drug that will prevent the metabolism of levodopa in the periphery but it will not have any activity on the generation of dopamine in the brain.

Answer 12

carbidopa

Question 13

drug whose target is Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase antagonist

Answer 13

carbidopa and benserazide

Question 14

drug that Blocks the extra-cerebral decarboxylation of levodopa. it does not cross the BBB

Answer 14

benserazide

Question 15

benserazide is hydroxylated to trihydroxybenzylhydrazine in the _________ and ______ producing trihydroxybenzylhydrazine metabolite, that is a potent inhibitor of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. This metabolite mainly ___________________

Answer 15

the intestinal mucosa and the liver

protects levodopa against decarboxylation to dopamine

Question 16

Drug that is a selective, reversible catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, in peripheral tissues, altering the plasma pharmacokinetics of levodopa

Answer 16

Entacapone

Question 17

Metabolism of entacapone

Answer 17

hepatic

Question 18

drug that can cause - Orthostatic hypotension, severe rhabdomyolysis, and dyskinesia

Answer 18

entacapone

Question 19

drug whose target is - Catechol O-methyltransferase antagonist

Answer 19

Entacapone and Tolcapone

Question 20

drug that - inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

Answer 20

Tolcapone

Question 21

metabolism of tolcapone

Answer 21

hepatic

Question 22

Drug that can cause Hepatotoxicity, dyskinesia, hallucinations, hyperkinesia, hypokinesia

Answer 22

tolcapone

Question 23

It is a non-ergot dopamine agonist drug

Answer 23

pramipexole and ropinirole

Question 24

Drug that - Cause stimulation of the dopamine receptors in the striatum of the brain and Shows specificity and strong activity at the D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors in vitro

Answer 24

pramipexole

Question 25

drug whose targets are Dopamine receptor 2, 3, 4 agonist 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A agonist Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist

Answer 25

pramipexole

Question 26

drug that has the highest affinity at the D3 receptors, which are concentrated in the limbic areas of the brain.

Answer 26

ropinirole

Question 27

drug that can cause facial muscle movements, grogginess, increased jerkiness , disruption of implantation id taken before pregnancy, and adverse effects on embryo-fetal development, including teratogenicity.

Answer 27

ropinirole

Question 28

drug whose targets are - Dopamine receptor 2, 3, 4 agonist Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist

Answer 28

ropinirole

Question 29

drug that can cause an increase in testicular Leydig cell adenomas, increase in benign uterine endometrial polyps in rats.

Answer 29

ropinirole

Question 30

drug that is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid derivative with potent dopaminergic activity.

Answer 30

Bromocriptine

Question 31

_______stimulates centrally-located dopaminergic receptors resulting in a number of pharmacologic effects.

Answer 31

Bromocriptine

Question 32

Drug whose targets are: Dopamine receptor 1A, 1B, 2, 3 agonist Dopamine receptor 4 antagonist 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2C, 7 agonist Adrenergic receptor alpha-1A, alpha-1B agonist/antagonist Adrenergic receptor alpha-1D, alpha-2A, alpha-2B agonist

Answer 32

Bromocriptine

Question 33

- Symptoms of overdosage include nausea, vomiting, and severe hypotension

Answer 33

Bromocriptine

Question 34

A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase

Answer 34

SELEGILINE, RASAGILINE

Question 35

- Selegiline binds to MAO-B within the nigrostriatal pathways in the central nervous system, thus blocking microsomal metabolism of dopamine and enhancing the dopaminergic activity in the substantial nigra. at higher doses can also inhibit monozmine oxidase type A (MAO-A

Answer 35

SELEGILINE, RASAGILINE

Question 36

drug whose target Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B and A antagonist

Answer 36

SELEGILINE, RASAGILINE

Question 37

Drug that can cause vascular collapse, respiratory depression/ failure, and cool/clammy skin

Answer 37

SELEGILINE, RASAGILINE

Question 38

is a unique molecule with multiple mechanisms of action and a very high therapeutic index. It combines potent, selective, and reversible inhibition of MAO-B with blockade of voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels and inhibition of glutamate release

Answer 38

Safinamide

Question 39

parkinsonism drug whose target is not specific

Answer 39

Safinamide

Question 40

Drug that con cause insomnia, pyshcomotor agitation and hypertansion

Answer 40

Safinamide

Question 41

Adverse effects of amantadine

Answer 41

``` Deaths from OD CNS toxicity cardiac dysfunction renal dysfunction Psychotic reactions seizures and hyperthermia ```

Question 42

is the d-isomer of the codeine analog of levorphanol

Answer 42

DEXTROMETHORPHAN

Question 43

- is an opioid-like drug that binds to and acts as antagonist to the NMDA glutamatergic receptor, it is an agonist to the opioid sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors, it is also an alpha3/beta4 nicotinic receptor antagonist and targets the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake pump

Answer 43

Safinamide and DEXTROMETHORPHAN

Question 44

drug whose targets are - Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 agonist Mu-type, Delta-type, Kappa-type opioid receptor agonist Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3 antagonist Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter antagonist sodium-dependent serotonin transporter antagonist

Answer 44

Safinamide and DEXTROMETHORPH