Brainstem stroke syndromes

Question 1

________ are medial to the sulcus limitans

Answer 1

motor nuclei

Question 2

________ are lateral to the sulcus limitans

Answer 2

sensory

Question 3

Stroke of the midbrain tegmentum due to occlusion of PCA perforations

Answer 3

benedikt syndrome

Question 4

affect the red nucleus and substantia nigra and the fascicular potion of CN III

Answer 4

benedikt syndrome

Question 5

causes ipsilateral CNIII (oculomotor) palsy and

contralateral involuntary movements

Answer 5

benedikt syndrome

Question 6

in benedikt syndrome there is hemiplegia if

Answer 6

corticospinal tract is affected

Question 7

Weber syndrome is due to occlusion of ?

Answer 7

the paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery or of basilar bifurcation perforating arteries

Question 8

What are the 4 damaged structures in weber syndrome?

Answer 8

substantia nigra
corticospinal fibers
corticobulbar tracts
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

Question 9

similar to benedikt syndrome but more severe contralateral weakness

Answer 9

weber syndrome

Question 10

Damage to Substantia nigra casues

Answer 10

Contralateral parkinsonism

Question 11

damage to corticospinal fibers =?

Answer 11

Contralateral hemiparesis and typical upper motor neuron findings

Question 12

damage to Corticobulbar tracts

Answer 12

Difficulty with contralateral lower facial muscles and hypoglossal nerve functions

Question 13

damage to Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

Answer 13

ad roping eyelid and fixed wide pupil pointed down and out this leads to diplopia

Question 14

damage to Dentatorubral tract

Answer 14

Contralateral ataxia

Question 15

More dorsal than benedikt

Answer 15

claudes

Question 16

affects the red nucleus, dentothalamic nuclei within superior cerebellar peduncle and CNIII fascicles

Answer 16

claudes

Question 17

Occlusion in claudes syndrome

Answer 17

midbrain infarction as a result of occlusion of a branch of the posterior cerebral artery

Question 18

What are the 4 damaged structures in claudes syndrome?

Answer 18

dentatorubral tract
corticospinal fibers
corticobulbar tracts
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

Question 19

injury, either direct or compressive, to the dorsal midbrain, compression or ischemic damage of the mesencephalic tectum, including the superior colliculus adjacent oculomotor (origin of cranial nerve III) and Edinger-Westphal nuclei, causing dysfunction to the motor function of the eye

Answer 19

Parinaud syndrome

Question 20

Superior colliculus and midbrain tectum are damaged

Answer 20

Parinaud syndrome

Question 21

Most often caused by tumors (esp Pineal gland ), also by hydrocephalus, thalamic or midbrain hemorrhage or infraction

Answer 21

Parinaud syndrome `

Question 22

Vertical gaze abnormalities (esp upgaze)

setting sun sign

Answer 22

Parinaud syndrome

Question 23

Primary position downbeat nystagmus and

Pretectal pseudobobbing

Answer 23

Parinaud syndrome

Question 24

Bilateral upper eyelid retraction (tucked lid sign)

Answer 24

Parinaud syndrome

Question 25

Foville syndrome is casued by blockage of the ?

Answer 25

perforating branches of the basilar artery in the region of the brainstem known as the pons

Question 26

in the brainstem region, pons

Answer 26

Foville syndrome

Question 27

Most frequently caused by vascular disease or tumors involving the dorsal pons

Answer 27

Foville syndrome

Question 28

Foville syndrome occurs in the dorsal pontine tegmentum in the _____

Answer 28

caudal third

Question 29

Facial N (VII) fascicle, PPRF, corticospinal tract affected

Answer 29

PPRF= paramedian pontine retucular formation Foville syndrome

Question 30

causes Ipsilateral peripheral VII palsy, horizontal gaze | paralysis, contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss

Answer 30

Foville syndrome `

Question 31

injury direct or compressive to dorsal midbrain causing damage to mesencephalic tectum including superior colliculs adjacent oculomotor and edinger-westphal nuclei

Answer 31

parinaud

Question 32

parinaud syndrome is usually due to tumors pressing on the _____

Answer 32

pineal gland can also be due to hydrocephalus, midbrain hemorrhage or infarction, paraneoplastic syndrome , wilson, whipple disease TB, drugs

Question 33

damage to edinger westphal nucleo

Answer 33

parinaud syndrome

Question 34

peripheral VII palsy is AKA?

Answer 34

bells palsy

Question 35

name for upper dorsal pontine syndrome

Answer 35

Raymond Cestan Syndrome

Question 36

name for dorsal midbrain syndrome

Answer 36

parinaud

Question 37

caused by blockage of the long circumferential branches of the basilar artery

Answer 37

Raymond cestan syndrome

Question 38

ipsilateral ataxia ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of mastication and sensory loss in face contralateral loss of sensory modalities in the body contralateral hemiparesis of face and body horizontal gaze palsy

Answer 38

Raymond cestan syndrome

Question 39

damage to superior and middle cerebellar peduncle causes?

Answer 39

ipsilateral ataxia

Question 40

damage to sensory and motor nuclei and tracts of CN V causes

Answer 40

ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of mastication and sensory loss in face

Question 41

damage to spinothalamic tract and medial leminiscus causes

Answer 41

contralateral loss of sensory modalities in the body

Question 42

Damage to lower dorsal pontine syndrome causes?

Answer 42

horizontal gaze palsy

Question 43

what syndrome is due to damage to: medial lemniscus and spinal thalamic tract cerebellar peduncles MLF Cortical spinal tracts (if ventral extension)

Answer 43

contralateral loss of sensory modalities in the body

Question 44

Syndrome that causes: paralysis of CN VI disruption of CN VII disruption of corticospinal tract

Answer 44

millard gubler syndrome

Question 45

name for ventral pontine syndrome

Answer 45

millard gubler syndrome

Question 46

Syndrome that causes: Dyplopia, internal strabismus, loss of power to rotate eye outward, flacid paralysis of facial expression muscles, loss of corneal reflex, and contralateral hemiplegia of extremities

Answer 46

millard gubler syndrome

Question 47

name for lateral pontine syndrome

Answer 47

marie foix syndrome

Question 48

unilateral lesion to ventrocudal pons

Answer 48

millard gubler syndrome

Question 49

lateral pontine lesions at brachium pontis, including middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 49

marie foix syndrome

Question 50

``` Syndrome that causes: ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia (arm and leg) contralateral hemiparesis contralateral hemi hypesthesia contralateral weaknes hemisensory loss ```

Answer 50

marie foix syndrome

Question 51

syndrome that is caused by damage to: cerebrellar tracts corticospinal tracts spinothalamic tract

Answer 51

marie foix syndrome

Question 52

name for lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 52

wallenberg syndrome

Question 53

caused by damage to intracranial vertebral artery

Answer 53

wallenberg syndrome

Question 54

``` affects: trigeminal spinal nucleus tract spinothalamic tract nucleus ambiguus (CN IX, X) descending sympathetic fibers vestibular nuclei inferior cerebellar peduncle ```

Answer 54

wallenberg syndrome

Question 55

damage to trigeminal spinal nucleus tract causes?

Answer 55

ipsilateral loss of pain and temp from face

Question 56

damage to spinothalamic tract causes?

Answer 56

contralateral loss of pain and temp. from lower trunk extremities

Question 57

damage to descending sympathetic fibers causes?

Answer 57

horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, hemianhydrosis, vasodilation, and apparent enophthalmos)

Question 58

damage to vestibular nuclei causes

Answer 58

nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo

Question 59

damage to inferior cerebellar peduncle causes?

Answer 59

ipsilateral cerebellum signs - dystaxia, dysmetria, dysphonis

Question 60

syndrome that presends horner syndrome

Answer 60

wallenberg syndrome

Question 61

Syndrome that presents with: ipsilateral paresis atrophy fibrillation of tongue (flacid paralysis) contralateral hemiplegia (sparing face) contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration

Answer 61

Dejerines syndrome

Question 62

caused by damage to vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery, or lower segment of basilar

Answer 62

Dejerines syndrome

Question 63

this syndrome is caused by damage to: pyramid medial leminiscus hypoglossal nerve and nucleus

Answer 63

Dejerines syndrome