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neuro final > Brainstem stroke syndromes > Flashcards

Brainstem stroke syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

________ are medial to the sulcus limitans

A

motor nuclei

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2
Q

________ are lateral to the sulcus limitans

A

sensory

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3
Q

Stroke of the midbrain tegmentum due to occlusion of PCA perforations

A

benedikt syndrome

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4
Q

affect the red nucleus and substantia nigra and the fascicular potion of CN III

A

benedikt syndrome

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5
Q

causes ipsilateral CNIII (oculomotor) palsy and

contralateral involuntary movements

A

benedikt syndrome

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6
Q

in benedikt syndrome there is hemiplegia if

A

corticospinal tract is affected

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7
Q

Weber syndrome is due to occlusion of ?

A

the paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery or of basilar bifurcation perforating arteries

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8
Q

What are the 4 damaged structures in weber syndrome?

A

substantia nigra
corticospinal fibers
corticobulbar tracts
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

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9
Q

similar to benedikt syndrome but more severe contralateral weakness

A

weber syndrome

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10
Q

Damage to Substantia nigra casues

A

Contralateral parkinsonism

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11
Q

damage to corticospinal fibers =?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and typical upper motor neuron findings

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12
Q

damage to Corticobulbar tracts

A

Difficulty with contralateral lower facial muscles and hypoglossal nerve functions

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13
Q

damage to Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

A

ad roping eyelid and fixed wide pupil pointed down and out this leads to diplopia

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14
Q

damage to Dentatorubral tract

A

Contralateral ataxia

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15
Q

More dorsal than benedikt

A

claudes

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16
Q

affects the red nucleus, dentothalamic nuclei within superior cerebellar peduncle and CNIII fascicles

A

claudes

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17
Q

Occlusion in claudes syndrome

A

midbrain infarction as a result of occlusion of a branch of the posterior cerebral artery

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18
Q

What are the 4 damaged structures in claudes syndrome?

A

dentatorubral tract
corticospinal fibers
corticobulbar tracts
ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

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19
Q

injury, either direct or compressive, to the dorsal midbrain, compression or ischemic damage of the mesencephalic tectum, including the superior colliculus adjacent oculomotor (origin of cranial nerve III) and Edinger-Westphal nuclei, causing dysfunction to the motor function of the eye

A

Parinaud syndrome

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20
Q

Superior colliculus and midbrain tectum are damaged

A

Parinaud syndrome

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21
Q

Most often caused by tumors (esp Pineal gland ), also by hydrocephalus, thalamic or midbrain hemorrhage or infraction

A

Parinaud syndrome `

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22
Q

Vertical gaze abnormalities (esp upgaze)

setting sun sign

A

Parinaud syndrome

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23
Q

Primary position downbeat nystagmus and

Pretectal pseudobobbing

A

Parinaud syndrome

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24
Q

Bilateral upper eyelid retraction (tucked lid sign)

A

Parinaud syndrome

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25
Q

Foville syndrome is casued by blockage of the ?

A

perforating branches of the basilar artery in the region of the brainstem known as the pons

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26
Q

in the brainstem region, pons

A

Foville syndrome

27
Q

Most frequently caused by vascular disease or tumors involving the dorsal pons

A

Foville syndrome

28
Q

Foville syndrome occurs in the dorsal pontine tegmentum in the _____

A

caudal third

29
Q

Facial N (VII) fascicle, PPRF, corticospinal tract affected

A

PPRF= paramedian pontine retucular formation

Foville syndrome

30
Q

causes Ipsilateral peripheral VII palsy, horizontal gaze

paralysis, contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss

A

Foville syndrome `

31
Q

injury direct or compressive to dorsal midbrain causing damage to mesencephalic tectum including superior colliculs adjacent oculomotor and edinger-westphal nuclei

A

parinaud

32
Q

parinaud syndrome is usually due to tumors pressing on the _____

A

pineal gland

can also be due to hydrocephalus, midbrain hemorrhage or infarction, paraneoplastic syndrome , wilson, whipple disease TB, drugs

33
Q

damage to edinger westphal nucleo

A

parinaud syndrome

34
Q

peripheral VII palsy is AKA?

A

bells palsy

35
Q

name for upper dorsal pontine syndrome

A

Raymond Cestan Syndrome

36
Q

name for dorsal midbrain syndrome

A

parinaud

37
Q

caused by blockage of the long circumferential branches of the basilar artery

A

Raymond cestan syndrome

38
Q

ipsilateral ataxia
ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of mastication and sensory loss in face
contralateral loss of sensory modalities in the body
contralateral hemiparesis of face and body
horizontal gaze palsy

A

Raymond cestan syndrome

39
Q

damage to superior and middle cerebellar peduncle causes?

A

ipsilateral ataxia

40
Q

damage to sensory and motor nuclei and tracts of CN V causes

A

ipsilateral paralysis of muscles of mastication and sensory loss in face

41
Q

damage to spinothalamic tract and medial leminiscus causes

A

contralateral loss of sensory modalities in the body

42
Q

Damage to lower dorsal pontine syndrome causes?

A

horizontal gaze palsy

43
Q

what syndrome is due to damage to:
medial lemniscus and spinal thalamic tract
cerebellar peduncles
MLF
Cortical spinal tracts (if ventral extension)

A

contralateral loss of sensory modalities in the body

44
Q

Syndrome that causes:
paralysis of CN VI
disruption of CN VII
disruption of corticospinal tract

A

millard gubler syndrome

45
Q

name for ventral pontine syndrome

A

millard gubler syndrome

46
Q

Syndrome that causes:
Dyplopia, internal strabismus, loss of power to rotate eye outward, flacid paralysis of facial expression muscles, loss of corneal reflex, and contralateral hemiplegia of extremities

A

millard gubler syndrome

47
Q

name for lateral pontine syndrome

A

marie foix syndrome

48
Q

unilateral lesion to ventrocudal pons

A

millard gubler syndrome

49
Q

lateral pontine lesions at brachium pontis, including middle cerebellar peduncle

A

marie foix syndrome

50
Q 
Syndrome that causes: 
ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia (arm and leg)
contralateral hemiparesis
contralateral hemi hypesthesia 
contralateral weaknes 
hemisensory loss
A

marie foix syndrome

51
Q

syndrome that is caused by damage to:
cerebrellar tracts
corticospinal tracts
spinothalamic tract

A

marie foix syndrome

52
Q

name for lateral medullary syndrome

A

wallenberg syndrome

53
Q

caused by damage to intracranial vertebral artery

A

wallenberg syndrome

54
Q 
affects: 
trigeminal spinal nucleus tract
spinothalamic tract
nucleus ambiguus (CN IX, X)
descending sympathetic fibers 
vestibular nuclei 
inferior cerebellar peduncle
A

wallenberg syndrome

55
Q

damage to trigeminal spinal nucleus tract causes?

A

ipsilateral loss of pain and temp from face

56
Q

damage to spinothalamic tract causes?

A

contralateral loss of pain and temp. from lower trunk extremities

57
Q

damage to descending sympathetic fibers causes?

A

horner syndrome (ptosis, miosis, hemianhydrosis, vasodilation, and apparent enophthalmos)

58
Q

damage to vestibular nuclei causes

A

nystagmus, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo

59
Q

damage to inferior cerebellar peduncle causes?

A

ipsilateral cerebellum signs - dystaxia, dysmetria, dysphonis

60
Q

syndrome that presends horner syndrome

A

wallenberg syndrome

61
Q

Syndrome that presents with:
ipsilateral paresis atrophy fibrillation of tongue (flacid paralysis)
contralateral hemiplegia (sparing face)
contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration

A

Dejerines syndrome

62
Q

caused by damage to vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery, or lower segment of basilar

A

Dejerines syndrome

63
Q

this syndrome is caused by damage to:
pyramid
medial leminiscus
hypoglossal nerve and nucleus

A

Dejerines syndrome

neuro final (12 decks)

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