antidepressants 2 Flashcards
Cognitive behavior therapy
and behavioral activation are alternatives to antidepressants when ?
major depression of mild to moderate severity
Psychological or behavioral treatment is not recommended as sole therapy when?
severe major depression
Class of drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the neuronal membrane, enhancing the actions of serotonin on 5HT1A autoreceptors.
Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Class of drugs that can cause abnormal vision; decreased libido; abnormal ejaculation; rash; sweating and withdrawal symptoms
Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor
Potassium voltage-gated channel inhibitor
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C antagonist
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2, alpha-3, beta-4 antagonist
Fluoxetine
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A antagonist
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subunit M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5 antagonist
Paroxetin
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
Sigma receptor
Increase in uterine adenocarcinomas in animals’ models
Sertraline
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor
Histamine receptor antagonist
Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and adrenergic receptors is thought to be associated with several anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of other psychotropic drugs
- Pregnancy category C, excreted in human milk.
Citalopram
Class of drugs that inhibits the membrane pump for re-uptake of transmitter amines, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain
Tricyclic tertiary amines (TCAs)
Class of drugs that can cause: cardiac symptoms, convulsions dilated pupils, reduced body temp, stupor, coma
Tricyclic tertiary amines (TCAs)
and
Tricyclic secondary amines (TCAs)
drug that is not recommended during pregnancy, is excreted into breast milk, and causes chromosome abnormalities
Amitriptyline
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline and serotonin transporters inhibitor.
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 1C, 1D, 2A, 2C, 7 antagonist
Delta, Mu and kappa-type opioid receptors agonist
Nerve growth factor & BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor agonist
Adrenergic, Histamine, receptors antagonist
Potassium voltage gated channel antagonist
Amitriptyline
Drug that can cause severe hypotension, central nervous system depression, decreased the number of viable embryos, abnormal sperm and decrease the sperm motility
Doxepin
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline and serotonin transporters inhibitor.
Histamine receptor 1, 2 & 4 antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 6.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5 antagonist.
Adrenergic receptor Alpha-1A, 1B & 1D antagonist.
Potassium voltage-gated channel
Doxepin
Drug that can cause anticholinergic activity (blurred vision, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthermia, constipation), o Central nervous system and neuromuscular effects ( drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue, agitation, hallucinations), effects on GI tract, increase in pancreatic enzymes, and black tongue
imipramine
Infants whose mothers were receiving _________ antidepressants prior to delivery have experienced cardiac problems, irritability, respiratory distress, muscle spasms, seizures, and urinary retention
tricyclic
Class of drug that selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from the neuronal synapse. It also inhibits serotonin reuptake, but to a lesser extent compared to tertiary amine TCAs.
Tricyclic secondary amines (TCA)
Drug that can cause o Antimuscarinic activity (urine retention), cardiotoxicity, psychotoxic effects (induce manic episodes in bipolar)
Desipramine
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter antagonist
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 2A, 2C antagonist
Adrenergic receptor beta-1, beta-2 and alpha-1 antagonist
Histamine H1 receptor antagonist
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5 antagonist
Desipramine
Drug that can cause toxic effects ( Cardiac dysrhythmias, severe hypotension, shock, congestive heart failure) and Adverse effects (hypotension, postural hypotension, hypertension, Heart failure)
Nortriptyline
class of drug that Inhibitions presynaptic uptake of catecholamines, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain
Tetracyclic –> maprotiline
Class of drug that can cause muscular twitching and rigidity, tremor, ataxia, convulsions, vertigo, mydriasis shock, deep coma
Tetracyclic –> maprotiline
and
Unicyclic –> bupropion
Class of drug that that exerts its pharmacological effects by weakly inhibiting the enzymes involved in the uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine from the synaptic cleft, therefore prolonging their duration of action within the neuronal synapse and the downstream effects of these neurotransmitters.
Unicyclic –> bupropion
class of drug that causes a Potentiation of neurotransmitter activity in the CNS. Inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine with a potency greater for the 5-HT than for the NE reuptake process.
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (NSRI)
Class of drugs that can cause CNS depression, serotonin toxicity, Death at high doses
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (NSRI)
Class of drug that is a Full agonist at the mu-type opioid receptor.
This drug is thought to persistently alter glutamate receptor bursting of the hippocampal CA3 commissural associational synapse.
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine
Class of drug thats Antidepressant effects work through the modulation of glutamate receptor activity (in the amygdala and the hippocampus )and affect the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine
Class of drug that Reduces the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress, and thus prevents stress-related behavioral issues.
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine
Class of drug that stimulates the uptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain tissue.
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine
Glutamate receptor 1 modulator
Mu-type opioid receptor agonist
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A antagonist
D(3) dopamine receptor agonist
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine
Class of drug that can cause GI symptoms, CNS symptoms (most common) and severe panic attacks, metorrhagia, suicide attempts
Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine
Class of drug that Exerts antagonist activity at presynaptic α2-adrenergic inhibitory autoreceptors and heteroreceptors in the central nervous system.
Strong antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors.
Peripheral α1-adrenergic antagonist.
Potent histamine (H1) receptor antagonist
Noradrenaline and Specific Serotonin Antidepressant (NaSSA) –> mirtazapine
class of drug that can cause hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas, thyroid follicular adenomas and cystadenomas / loss of fetus and is a preg. category C drug
Noradrenaline and Specific Serotonin Antidepressant (NaSSA)–> mirtazapine
Class of drugs that Binds at 5-HT2 receptor, it acts as a serotonin agonist at high doses and a serotonin antagonist at low doses.
Blockage of serotonin reuptake by inhibiting serotonin reuptake pump at the presynaptic neuronal membrane.
Alpha-adrenergic blocking action and modest histamine blockade at H1 receptor
Atypical antidepressants / Serotonin modulators –> trazodone, nefazodone
Class of drug that can cause life threatening hepatic failure, preapism, and hypotension
Atypical antidepressants / Serotonin modulators –> trazodone, nefazodone
Class of drugs that is an Inhibitor and substrate of monoamine oxidase and Presents a similar structure to amphetamine which produce the effect on the uptake and release of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Inhibit tyrosine aminotransferase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and dopamine B-hydroxylase.
Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) –> Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Class of drugs: Inhibitor and substrate of monoamine oxidase
Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) –> Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Class of drug that can cause transient, mild and asymptomatic aminotransferase elevations, and of liver injury after 1-3 months of treatment
Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) –> Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Class of drugs that has Selective, reversible inhibition of MAO-A. This inhibition leads to a decrease in the metabolism and destruction of monoamines in the neurotransmitters. This results in an increase in the monoamines (serotonin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine)
Reversible Selected Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (RIMA)–> moclobemide
Class of drugs that Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in the central nervous system as well as acting as a partial agonist of 5HT-1A receptors
Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor –> Vilazodone
class of drug that can cause effects on offspring to be reduced fetal weight, increased mortality, delayed maturation, and decreased fertility.
Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor –> Vilazodone
