antidepressants 2

Question 1

Cognitive behavior therapy

and behavioral activation are alternatives to antidepressants when ?

Answer 1

major depression of mild to moderate severity

Question 2

Psychological or behavioral treatment is not recommended as sole therapy when?

Answer 2

severe major depression

Question 3

Class of drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the neuronal membrane, enhancing the actions of serotonin on 5HT1A autoreceptors.

Answer 3

Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Question 4

Class of drugs that can cause abnormal vision; decreased libido; abnormal ejaculation; rash; sweating and withdrawal symptoms

Answer 4

Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Question 5

Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor

Potassium voltage-gated channel inhibitor

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C antagonist

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2, alpha-3, beta-4 antagonist

Answer 5

Fluoxetine

Question 6

Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor

Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A antagonist

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subunit M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5 antagonist

Answer 6

Paroxetin

Question 7

Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor

Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter

Sigma receptor

Increase in uterine adenocarcinomas in animals’ models

Answer 7

Sertraline

Question 8

Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter inhibitor

Histamine receptor antagonist

Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and adrenergic receptors is thought to be associated with several anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of other psychotropic drugs

• Pregnancy category C, excreted in human milk.

Answer 8

Citalopram

Question 9

Class of drugs that inhibits the membrane pump for re-uptake of transmitter amines, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain

Answer 9

Tricyclic tertiary amines (TCAs)

Question 10

Class of drugs that can cause: cardiac symptoms, convulsions dilated pupils, reduced body temp, stupor, coma

Answer 10

Tricyclic tertiary amines (TCAs)
and
Tricyclic secondary amines (TCAs)

Question 11

drug that is not recommended during pregnancy, is excreted into breast milk, and causes chromosome abnormalities

Answer 11

Amitriptyline

Question 12

Sodium-dependent noradrenaline and serotonin transporters inhibitor.

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 1C, 1D, 2A, 2C, 7 antagonist

Delta, Mu and kappa-type opioid receptors agonist

Nerve growth factor & BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor agonist

Adrenergic, Histamine, receptors antagonist

Potassium voltage gated channel antagonist

Answer 12

Amitriptyline

Question 13

Drug that can cause severe hypotension, central nervous system depression, decreased the number of viable embryos, abnormal sperm and decrease the sperm motility

Answer 13

Doxepin

Question 14

Sodium-dependent noradrenaline and serotonin transporters inhibitor.

Histamine receptor 1, 2 & 4 antagonist

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 6.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5 antagonist.

Adrenergic receptor Alpha-1A, 1B & 1D antagonist.

Potassium voltage-gated channel

Answer 14

Doxepin

Question 15

Drug that can cause anticholinergic activity (blurred vision, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthermia, constipation), o Central nervous system and neuromuscular effects ( drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue, agitation, hallucinations), effects on GI tract, increase in pancreatic enzymes, and black tongue

Answer 15

imipramine

Question 16

Infants whose mothers were receiving _________ antidepressants prior to delivery have experienced cardiac problems, irritability, respiratory distress, muscle spasms, seizures, and urinary retention

Answer 16

tricyclic

Question 17

Class of drug that selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine (noradrenaline) from the neuronal synapse. It also inhibits serotonin reuptake, but to a lesser extent compared to tertiary amine TCAs.

Answer 17

Tricyclic secondary amines (TCA)

Question 18

Drug that can cause o Antimuscarinic activity (urine retention), cardiotoxicity, psychotoxic effects (induce manic episodes in bipolar)

Answer 18

Desipramine

Question 19

Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter antagonist

Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter antagonist

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, 2A, 2C antagonist

Adrenergic receptor beta-1, beta-2 and alpha-1 antagonist

Histamine H1 receptor antagonist

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5 antagonist

Answer 19

Desipramine

Question 20

Drug that can cause toxic effects ( Cardiac dysrhythmias, severe hypotension, shock, congestive heart failure) and Adverse effects (hypotension, postural hypotension, hypertension, Heart failure)

Answer 20

Nortriptyline

Question 21

class of drug that Inhibitions presynaptic uptake of catecholamines, thereby increasing their concentration at the synaptic clefts of the brain

Answer 21

Tetracyclic –> maprotiline

Question 22

Class of drug that can cause muscular twitching and rigidity, tremor, ataxia, convulsions, vertigo, mydriasis shock, deep coma

Answer 22

Tetracyclic –> maprotiline
and
Unicyclic –> bupropion

Question 23

Class of drug that that exerts its pharmacological effects by weakly inhibiting the enzymes involved in the uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine from the synaptic cleft, therefore prolonging their duration of action within the neuronal synapse and the downstream effects of these neurotransmitters.

Answer 23

Unicyclic –> bupropion

Question 24

class of drug that causes a Potentiation of neurotransmitter activity in the CNS. Inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine with a potency greater for the 5-HT than for the NE reuptake process.

Answer 24

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (NSRI)

Question 25

Class of drugs that can cause CNS depression, serotonin toxicity, Death at high doses

Answer 25

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (NSRI)

Question 26

Class of drug that is a Full agonist at the mu-type opioid receptor.
This drug is thought to persistently alter glutamate receptor bursting of the hippocampal CA3 commissural associational synapse.

Answer 26

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine

Question 27

Class of drug thats Antidepressant effects work through the modulation of glutamate receptor activity (in the amygdala and the hippocampus )and affect the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Answer 27

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine

Question 28

Class of drug that Reduces the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to stress, and thus prevents stress-related behavioral issues.

Answer 28

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine

Question 29

Class of drug that stimulates the uptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in brain tissue.

Answer 29

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine

Question 30

Glutamate receptor 1 modulator

Mu-type opioid receptor agonist

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A antagonist

D(3) dopamine receptor agonist

Answer 30

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine

Question 31

Class of drug that can cause GI symptoms, CNS symptoms (most common) and severe panic attacks, metorrhagia, suicide attempts

Answer 31

Norepinephrine Serotonin Reuptake Enhance (NSRE) —> tianeptine

Question 32

Class of drug that Exerts antagonist activity at presynaptic α2-adrenergic inhibitory autoreceptors and heteroreceptors in the central nervous system.
Strong antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors.
Peripheral α1-adrenergic antagonist.
Potent histamine (H1) receptor antagonist

Answer 32

Noradrenaline and Specific Serotonin Antidepressant (NaSSA) –> mirtazapine

Question 33

class of drug that can cause hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas, thyroid follicular adenomas and cystadenomas / loss of fetus and is a preg. category C drug

Answer 33

Noradrenaline and Specific Serotonin Antidepressant (NaSSA)–> mirtazapine

Question 34

Class of drugs that Binds at 5-HT2 receptor, it acts as a serotonin agonist at high doses and a serotonin antagonist at low doses.
Blockage of serotonin reuptake by inhibiting serotonin reuptake pump at the presynaptic neuronal membrane.
Alpha-adrenergic blocking action and modest histamine blockade at H1 receptor

Answer 34

Atypical antidepressants / Serotonin modulators –> trazodone, nefazodone

Question 35

Class of drug that can cause life threatening hepatic failure, preapism, and hypotension

Answer 35

Atypical antidepressants / Serotonin modulators –> trazodone, nefazodone

Question 36

Class of drugs that is an Inhibitor and substrate of monoamine oxidase and Presents a similar structure to amphetamine which produce the effect on the uptake and release of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Inhibit tyrosine aminotransferase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and dopamine B-hydroxylase.

Answer 36

Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) –> Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine

Question 37

Class of drugs: Inhibitor and substrate of monoamine oxidase

Answer 37

Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) –> Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine

Question 38

Class of drug that can cause transient, mild and asymptomatic aminotransferase elevations, and of liver injury after 1-3 months of treatment

Answer 38

Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) –> Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine

Question 39

Class of drugs that has Selective, reversible inhibition of MAO-A. This inhibition leads to a decrease in the metabolism and destruction of monoamines in the neurotransmitters. This results in an increase in the monoamines (serotonin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine)

Answer 39

Reversible Selected Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitor (RIMA)–> moclobemide

Question 40

Class of drugs that Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake in the central nervous system as well as acting as a partial agonist of 5HT-1A receptors

Answer 40

Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor –> Vilazodone

Question 41

class of drug that can cause effects on offspring to be reduced fetal weight, increased mortality, delayed maturation, and decreased fertility.

Answer 41

Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor –> Vilazodone