Mood disorders Flashcards
depression or major depressive disorder must last _________ and have atleast ________ of these symptoms. List symptoms
2 weeks most of the day most days
5 symptoms
depressed mood, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feeling worthlessness or guilt, cant concentrate, recurrent death suicide thoughts,
_______ = persistent depressive disorder for at least 2 years of depressed mood not severe enough to fit diagnosis of major depressive disorder
dysthymic disorder
period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting for at least 1 week or less if a patient must be hospitalized
mania
difference between mania and hypomania
hypomania lasts atleast 4 days and is similar to manic episodes but not severe enough
how many symptoms needed for mania or hypomania
3 or more
one or more manic episodes sometimes major depressive episodes or mixed
bipolar I
episodes of major depression and hypomania
bipolar II
atleast 2 years of frequently occurring hypomanic symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of manic episode and depressive symptoms that cannot fit in diagnosis of major depressive episode
cyclothymic disoroder
highest lidetime prevelance of any psychiatric disorder
major depressive disorder
how long do untreated episodes of depression last howl long do treated episodes last?
untreated –> 6-13 months
treated –> 3 months
how long do untreated manic episodes last?
3 months
after 5 manic episodes interepisodes stabilizes at _____months
6-9 months
what are rapid cyclers
when people with bipolar disorder have more than 4 episodes per year
dopamine in depression and mania
reduced in depression
increased in mania
serotonin depletion mat precipitate
depression
reduction in gaba =
depression
chronic stress can reduce or deplete what ?
GABA levels
________ has inhibitory effects on ascending monoamine pathways
GABA
____________ may work in conjunction with hypercortisolemia to mediate the deleterious effects of severe recurrent depression
glutamate
Elevated HPA activity hallmark of stress response linking ________ and ________
depression and chronic stress
in depression there is a reduced _____ or ______ volumes
hippocampal or caudate nucleus or both
in depression a PET would show?
decreased anterior brain metabolism more pronounced on the left side
PET results for mania?
greater right hemisphere metabolism reduction
serotonin transporter gene variant present means
increased risk for depression
life event most often associated with development of depression
losing a parent before 11 yrs
envmt stressor most often –> loss of spouse or unempolyment
practically all antidepressants increase ____
the monoamine concentration in the synaptic cleft
preferred bipolar treatment
lithium, valproate, high potency antipsychotics and second gen antipsychotics
drug reported to be effective in rapid cycling bipolar
carbamazepine
when all else fails in depression and bipolar
electroconvulsive therapy
