Mood disorders

Question 1

depression or major depressive disorder must last _________ and have atleast ________ of these symptoms. List symptoms

Answer 1

2 weeks most of the day most days
5 symptoms

depressed mood, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feeling worthlessness or guilt, cant concentrate, recurrent death suicide thoughts,

Question 2

_______ = persistent depressive disorder for at least 2 years of depressed mood not severe enough to fit diagnosis of major depressive disorder

Answer 2

dysthymic disorder

Question 3

period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting for at least 1 week or less if a patient must be hospitalized

Answer 3

mania

Question 4

difference between mania and hypomania

Answer 4

hypomania lasts atleast 4 days and is similar to manic episodes but not severe enough

Question 5

how many symptoms needed for mania or hypomania

Answer 5

3 or more

Question 6

one or more manic episodes sometimes major depressive episodes or mixed

Answer 6

bipolar I

Question 7

episodes of major depression and hypomania

Answer 7

bipolar II

Question 8

atleast 2 years of frequently occurring hypomanic symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of manic episode and depressive symptoms that cannot fit in diagnosis of major depressive episode

Answer 8

cyclothymic disoroder

Question 9

highest lidetime prevelance of any psychiatric disorder

Answer 9

major depressive disorder

Question 10

how long do untreated episodes of depression last howl long do treated episodes last?

Answer 10

untreated –> 6-13 months

treated –> 3 months

Question 11

how long do untreated manic episodes last?

Answer 11

3 months

Question 12

after 5 manic episodes interepisodes stabilizes at _____months

Answer 12

6-9 months

Question 13

what are rapid cyclers

Answer 13

when people with bipolar disorder have more than 4 episodes per year

Question 14

dopamine in depression and mania

Answer 14

reduced in depression

increased in mania

Question 15

serotonin depletion mat precipitate

Answer 15

depression

Question 16

reduction in gaba =

Answer 16

depression

Question 17

chronic stress can reduce or deplete what ?

Answer 17

GABA levels

Question 18

________ has inhibitory effects on ascending monoamine pathways

Answer 18

GABA

Question 19

____________ may work in conjunction with hypercortisolemia to mediate the deleterious effects of severe recurrent depression

Answer 19

glutamate

Question 20

Elevated HPA activity hallmark of stress response linking ________ and ________

Answer 20

depression and chronic stress

Question 21

in depression there is a reduced _____ or ______ volumes

Answer 21

hippocampal or caudate nucleus or both

Question 22

in depression a PET would show?

Answer 22

decreased anterior brain metabolism more pronounced on the left side

Question 23

PET results for mania?

Answer 23

greater right hemisphere metabolism reduction

Question 24

serotonin transporter gene variant present means

Answer 24

increased risk for depression

Question 25

life event most often associated with development of depression

Answer 25

losing a parent before 11 yrs

envmt stressor most often –> loss of spouse or unempolyment

Question 26

practically all antidepressants increase ____

Answer 26

the monoamine concentration in the synaptic cleft

Question 27

preferred bipolar treatment

Answer 27

lithium, valproate, high potency antipsychotics and second gen antipsychotics

Question 28

drug reported to be effective in rapid cycling bipolar

Answer 28

carbamazepine

Question 29

when all else fails in depression and bipolar

Answer 29

electroconvulsive therapy