Parkinson's Disease

Question 1

What is the definition of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 1

It is a progressive degenerative disease of the CNS

Question 2

Describe the demographics

Answer 2

Mostly over the age of 50 yrs; men and female are equal; more likely to affect caucasian

Question 3

What is the aetiology of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 3

It is idiopathic and may be a genetic factor in some cases

Question 4

Describe the four cardinal symptoms for Parkinson’s

Answer 4

1. Bradykinesia; slowness of movement
2. Tremor; especially in the hands
3. Postural instability; swaying
4. Rigidity; stiffness

Question 5

List the various other signs and symptoms that are not cardinal for Parkinson’s

Answer 5

Cognitive: planning, abstract thinking
Mood: depression and anxiety
Thought: hallucinations, delusions
Behavior: mood swings

Question 6

Describe the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease

Answer 6

cell death occurs in the substantia nigra; a reduction in dopamine production; dysfunction of the nigrastriatal pathway; an increase in the inhibitory outptu from golbus pallidus acting on thalamus

Question 7

List three conventional therapies for Parkinson’s

Answer 7

1. levodopa
2. dopamine agonists
3. deep brain stimulation