Parkinson's Disease Flashcards
what is parkinson’s disease defined as?
- defined as a complex, progressive and neurodegenerative condition
what is parkinson’s disease diagnosed from?
- clinical history
- examination
what is the incidence of parkinson’s disease?
- 160 people per 100,000
what age does Parkinson’s disease effect the most?
- affects elderly people more often
what gender does Parkinson’s disease affect more?
- males
- male: female, 3:2
what percentage of Parkinson’s disease patients have family history of PD?
- 20%
- predisposition but not genetic condition
what are some risk factors of Parkinson’s disease? (6)
- pesticide exposure
- prior head injury
- beta blocker use
- rural living
- agricultural occupation
- well- water drinking
what is bradykinesia?
- slowness of initiation of voluntary movement with progressive reduction in speed and amplitude of repetitive action
what is rigidity?
- neurology driven muscle stiffness
what is dyskinesia?
- uncontrolled involuntary movement
what are the motor signs and symptoms? (14)
- bradykinesia
- rigidity
- tremor
- dyskensia
- loss of trunk rotation
- mask- like expression
- micrography
- postural instability
- festination and freezing of gait
- constipation
- monotonous, quiet voice
- dysphagia
- reduced cough reflex
- drooling
describe bradykinesia
- slowness of movement
- initiation of movement
- freezing
what is small, shuffling steps mean?
- festinating gait
what is small handwriting called?
- micrography
what does rigidity affect? (2)
- antagonists and agonists
what is rigidity not dependent on?
- not velocity dependent
what are the two types of rigidity?
- cogwheel
- lead pipe
what is cogwheel?
- when someone has a tremor, there is a giving out of the limb (stop + start)
what is lead pipe?
- solid resistance through range in both directions
what does rigidity relate to? (3)
- postural instability
- loss of balance
- pain, stiffness and muscle ache
what is parkinson’s commonly associated with?
- resting tremor
